Liang Li, Xiao Qianguo, Yang Yisheng
School of Psychology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China.
Psychological Development and Education Center, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, China.
Front Psychol. 2018 Dec 5;9:2438. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02438. eCollection 2018.
The migrant worker phenomenon in China has negatively impacted the psychological development of these workers' children, whom researchers have termed "left-behind children" (LC) or university students with left-behind experience (USWL). Since USWL are the best among the LC in some sense, we decided to perform two investigations to determine if they might possess unique positive psychological capital factors. Study 1 aimed to explore the development of the psychological capital of USWL, and Study 2 utilized a group intervention design to improve USWL psychological capital. A questionnaire was administered to 281 USWL and 284 control university students in study 1. The results showed that the psychological capital of USWL was moderate, and their self-efficacy, optimism, hope, and overall psychological capital were significantly lower than those with no left-behind experience. However, their psychological resilience was remarkably higher than those who were not left behind. It also suggested that some demographic factors such as gender, grade, only child status, student leadership experience, reunion frequency with parents, and relationship with guardians significantly influence the psychological capital of USWL. In Study 2, a single-factor interventional experimental design based on the psychological capital intervention theory (PCI) was conducted in 73 USWL (38 in the experimental group, 35 in the control group). There were significant post-test differences between groups. Both the pre- and post-test results differed greatly in the experimental and control groups. Overall, our findings indicate that although the left-behind experience in childhood moderately impairs psychological capital development, it also fosters resilience. The psychological intervention based on PCI is an effective "remedy scheme" to improve their psychological capital qualities.
中国的农民工现象对这些农民工子女的心理发展产生了负面影响，研究人员将这些子女称为“留守儿童”（LC）或有留守儿童经历的大学生（USWL）。由于USWL在某种意义上是留守儿童中最优秀的群体，我们决定进行两项调查，以确定他们是否可能拥有独特的积极心理资本因素。研究1旨在探索USWL心理资本的发展情况，研究2采用小组干预设计来改善USWL的心理资本。在研究1中，对281名USWL和284名对照大学生进行了问卷调查。结果显示，USWL的心理资本处于中等水平，他们的自我效能感、乐观主义、希望和整体心理资本显著低于没有留守儿童经历的学生。然而，他们的心理复原力明显高于非留守儿童。研究还表明，一些人口统计学因素，如性别、年级、独生子女身份、学生领导经历、与父母团聚的频率以及与监护人的关系，对USWL的心理资本有显著影响。在研究2中，对73名USWL（实验组38名，对照组35名）进行了基于心理资本干预理论（PCI）的单因素干预实验设计。组间后测存在显著差异。实验组和对照组的前测和后测结果差异都很大。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，虽然童年时期的留守儿童经历会适度损害心理资本的发展，但它也能培养复原力。基于PCI的心理干预是提高他们心理资本素质的有效“补救方案”。
