Post-graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
Nutrition School, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, Brazil.
Sci Rep. 2019 Feb 13;9(1):1888. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-38486-x.
Children weight gain is mostly due to fat-free mass than fat mass, but the changes in body composition dynamics related to child growth can be attributed to the obesity epidemic. We aimed to assess changes in measures of body composition from 6 to 11 years of age according to sex, and to examine whether changes in these measures are associated with sociodemographic characteristics. A longitudinal study using data from the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort was conducted, and assessed body composition and fat distribution through measures of BMI, fat mass index, fat-free mass index, and android and gynoid fat mass percentages from DXA. Changes in body fatness were calculated as the difference between measures collected at 6 and 11 years of age, and linear regression models were used to assess changes in body composition according to sociodemographic characteristics. An increase in mean BMI z-score from 6 to 11 years was observed only in boys and obesity prevalence reached one out of four boys and one out of five girls. There was an increase in fat mass percentage, fat mass index and android fat mass, with this effect more accentuated in boys when compared to girls. Maternal BMI was the most consistent factor associated with change in body fatness. Children from mothers with obesity showed larger increases in fat mass percentage, fat mass index and android fat mass. There was an increase in body fatness and a centralisation of body shape, mostly associated with male sex and maternal obesity. These results may indicate an early risk of non-communicable diseases in children from the Pelotas 2004 Birth Cohort.
儿童体重增加主要归因于去脂体重而非脂肪量，但与儿童生长相关的身体成分动态变化可能与肥胖流行有关。我们旨在根据性别评估 6 至 11 岁儿童身体成分测量值的变化，并研究这些变化是否与社会人口特征有关。本研究采用 2004 年佩洛塔斯出生队列的纵向研究数据，通过双能 X 线吸收法（DXA）测量 BMI、脂肪量指数、去脂体重指数、以及安卓和女性型脂肪量百分比来评估身体成分和脂肪分布。通过将 6 岁和 11 岁时的测量值相减来计算体脂肪变化，然后使用线性回归模型根据社会人口特征评估身体成分的变化。仅观察到男孩的 BMI z 评分从 6 岁到 11 岁有所增加，肥胖患病率达到四分之一的男孩和五分之一的女孩。脂肪百分比、脂肪量指数和安卓型脂肪量增加，与女孩相比，这种影响在男孩中更为明显。母亲的 BMI 是与体脂肪变化最一致的因素。母亲肥胖的儿童体脂肪百分比、脂肪量指数和安卓型脂肪量增加幅度更大。身体脂肪增加和身体形态的中心化，主要与男性性别和母亲肥胖有关。这些结果可能表明，佩洛塔斯 2004 年出生队列的儿童存在非传染性疾病的早期风险。
