Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
Clin Chim Acta. 2019 Jun;493:138-147. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.008. Epub 2019 Mar 8.
Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms and can be transmitted between individuals and populations thus threatening the general public health and potentially the economy. Efficient diagnostic tools are needed to provide accurate and timely guidance for case identification, transmission disruption and appropriate treatment administration. Point of care (POC) tests provide actionable results near the patient and thereby serve as a personal "radar". In this review, we review clinical needs for POC testing for several major pathogens, including malaria parasites, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human papillomavirus (HPV), dengue, Ebola and Zika viruses and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB). We compare different molecular approaches, including pathogen nucleic acid and protein, circulating microRNA and antibodies, used in the POC tests. Finally, we review recent advances in novel POC technologies focusing on microfluidic and plasmonic-based approaches.
传染病是由病原微生物引起的，可以在个体和人群之间传播，从而威胁到公众健康，并可能对经济造成影响。需要有效的诊断工具，为病例识别、传播中断和适当的治疗管理提供准确和及时的指导。即时检测（POC）可在患者附近提供可操作的结果，因此可以作为个人的“雷达”。在这篇综述中，我们回顾了几种主要病原体（包括疟原虫、人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）、人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）、登革热、埃博拉和寨卡病毒以及结核分枝杆菌（TB））的即时检测的临床需求。我们比较了用于即时检测的不同分子方法，包括病原体核酸和蛋白、循环 microRNA 和抗体。最后，我们综述了即时检测新技术的最新进展，重点介绍了微流控和等离子体基方法。
