Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States.
Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830, Tjele, Denmark.
Sci Rep. 2019 Apr 2;9(1):5465. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-41956-x.
Free milk oligosaccharides are bioactive molecules that function as prebiotics and prevent infections that commonly afflict developing infants. To date, few publications have examined the factors affecting bovine milk oligosaccharide production among cattle in the dairy industry. Here we have applied a high-throughput isobaric labeling technique to measure oligosaccharide abundances in milk collected from Danish Holstein-Friesian and Jersey dairy cattle by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. With a total of 634 milk samples, this collection represents the largest sample set used for milk oligosaccharide profiling in the current literature. This study is also the first to use isobaric labeling for the purpose of measuring free oligosaccharides in a real sample set. We have identified 13 oligosaccharides that vary significantly by breed, with most structures being more abundant in the milk of Jersey cattle. The abundances of several oligosaccharides were increased in second-parity cows, and correlations between the abundances of oligosaccharide pairs were identified, potentially indicating similarities in their synthetic pathways. Fucosylated oligosaccharide structures were widely identified among both breeds. Improving our understanding of oligosaccharide production will aid in developing strategies to recover these compounds from processing streams and may enable their use as a functional ingredient in foods for infants and adults.
游离乳低聚糖是具有生物活性的分子，它们作为益生元发挥作用，并可预防常见于发育中婴儿的感染。迄今为止，很少有研究探讨影响奶牛养殖业中奶牛乳低聚糖产生的因素。在这里，我们应用了一种高通量的等压标记技术，通过液相色谱-质谱法测量了来自丹麦荷斯坦-弗里生和泽西奶牛的牛奶中的低聚糖丰度。共有 634 个牛奶样本，这是当前文献中用于牛奶低聚糖分析的最大样本集。本研究也是首次使用等压标记法来测量实际样本集中的游离低聚糖。我们已经确定了 13 种因品种而差异显著的低聚糖，其中大多数结构在泽西牛的牛奶中更为丰富。二胎奶牛中几种低聚糖的丰度增加，并且鉴定出了低聚糖对之间的丰度相关性，这可能表明它们的合成途径相似。两种品种都广泛鉴定出了岩藻糖基化的低聚糖结构。深入了解低聚糖的产生将有助于开发从加工流中回收这些化合物的策略，并可能使其作为婴儿和成人食品中的功能性成分得到应用。
