Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
Mucosal Immunol. 2019 Jul;12(4):843-850. doi: 10.1038/s41385-019-0160-6. Epub 2019 Apr 11.
The microbiota plays an essential role in the education, development, and function of the immune system, both locally and systemically. Emerging experimental and epidemiological evidence highlights a crucial cross-talk between the intestinal microbiota and the lungs, termed the 'gut-lung axis'. Changes in the constituents of the gut microbiome, through either diet, disease or medical interventions (such as antibiotics) is linked with altered immune responses and homeostasis in the airways. The importance of the gut-lung axis has become more evident following the identification of several gut microbe-derived components and metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as key mediators for setting the tone of the immune system. Recent studies have supported a role for SCFAs in influencing hematopoietic precursors in the bone marrow-a major site of innate and adaptive immune cell development. Here, we review the current understanding of host-microbe cross-talk along the gut-lung axis. We highlight the importance of SCFAs in shaping and promoting bone marrow hematopoiesis to resolve airway inflammation and to support a healthy homeostasis.
肠道微生物群在局部和全身的免疫系统的教育、发育和功能中发挥着重要作用。新兴的实验和流行病学证据强调了肠道微生物群和肺部之间的关键串扰，称为“肠-肺轴”。通过饮食、疾病或医学干预（如抗生素）改变肠道微生物组的组成与气道中免疫反应和内稳态的改变有关。在确定了几种肠道微生物衍生的成分和代谢物（如短链脂肪酸 (SCFA)）作为调节免疫系统的关键介质后，肠-肺轴的重要性变得更加明显。最近的研究支持 SCFA 在影响骨髓中造血前体细胞中的作用，骨髓是先天和适应性免疫细胞发育的主要部位。在这里，我们综述了宿主-微生物沿着肠-肺轴相互作用的最新认识。我们强调了 SCFA 在塑造和促进骨髓造血以解决气道炎症和支持健康内稳态方面的重要性。
