Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization, and Expression Analysis of the NAC Transcription Factor in .

The NAC (NAM, ATAF, and CUC) family is one of the largest families of plant-specific transcription factors. It is involved in many plant growth and development processes, as well as abiotic/biotic stress responses. So far, little is known about the NAC family in . In the present study, a total of 90 were identified in quinoa (named as ) and phylogenetically divided into 14 distinct subfamilies. Different subfamilies showed diversities in gene proportions, exon-intron structures, and motif compositions. In addition, 28 duplication events were investigated, and a strong subfamily preference was found during the expansion in quinoa, indicating that the duplication event was not random across subfamilies during quinoa evolution. Moreover, the analysis of Ka/Ks (non-synonymous substitution rate/synonymous substitution rate) ratios suggested that the duplicated might have mainly experienced purifying selection pressure with limited functional divergence. Additionally, 11 selected showed significant tissue-specific expression patterns, and all the were positively regulated in response to salt stress. The result provided evidence for selecting candidate genes for further characterization in tissue/organ specificity and their functional involvement in quinoa's strong salinity tolerance.