Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.
Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.
Mol Biol Rep. 2019 Oct;46(5):4843-4860. doi: 10.1007/s11033-019-04933-1. Epub 2019 Jul 11.
Gastric ulcer is a common problem affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Spirulina and wheatgrass are natural substances that have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The aim of the Work was to elucidate the possible protective role of spirulina and wheatgrass versus standard treatment esomeprazole on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in adult male albino rats. Eighty adult male albino rats were divided into eight groups: group I (the control group), group II that received indomethacin (100 mg/kg orally), group III that received esomeprazole (20 mg/kg orally), group IV that received spirulina (1000 mg/kg orally), group V that received wheatgrass (1000 mg/kg orally), group VI that received indomethacin (100 mg/kg) + esomeprazole (20 mg/kg), group VII that received indomethacin (100 mg/kg) + spirulina (1000 mg/kg) and group VIII that received indomethacin (100 mg/kg) + wheatgrass (1000 mg/kg). Six hours after indomethacin treatment, all rats were anesthetized and their stomachs obtained for measures of gastric acidity, pepsin activity, mucin content, gastrin, ulcer index, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), tumor necrosis factor -α (TNF-α), interleukin-8 (IL8), proapoptotic protein (Bax). Histological (using H&E stain, PAS reaction) and immunohistochemical (using anti Ki67 immunostain) techniques were performed. Western immunoblot analysis for heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) was also done. Moreover, a morphometric study was done for area% of positive immunoreactive cells for Ki67 and optical density and area% of PAS reaction. All performed measurements were followed by statistical analysis. Indomethacin induced loss of normal architecture of gastric mucosa with sloughing of surface epithelium and inflammatory cellular infiltration. It also led to a significant increase in gastric acidity, inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-8), pro-apoptotic protein Bax and a significant decrease in TAC levels and HSP-70 expression. There was also a significant decrease in area% of Ki67 immunoreactivity and area% and optical density of PAS reaction as compared with the control group and other pre-treated rats. These disturbed parameters were associated with increased ulcer index. In pre-treatment groups, the structure of the mucosa was similar to control with marked improvement in the biochemical assay. In conclusion, Spirulina and wheatgrass can partly protect the gastric mucosa against indomethacin-induced damage to a degree similar to that of the classical treatment esomeprazole.
胃溃疡是一种常见的影响胃肠道的问题。螺旋藻和小麦草是具有抗炎和抗氧化作用的天然物质。本研究旨在阐明螺旋藻和小麦草对吲哚美辛诱导的成年雄性白化大鼠胃溃疡的标准治疗奥美拉唑的可能保护作用。将 80 只成年雄性白化大鼠分为 8 组：第 I 组（对照组）、第 II 组（口服给予吲哚美辛 100mg/kg）、第 III 组（口服给予奥美拉唑 20mg/kg）、第 IV 组（口服给予螺旋藻 1000mg/kg）、第 V 组（口服给予小麦草 1000mg/kg）、第 VI 组（口服给予吲哚美辛 100mg/kg+奥美拉唑 20mg/kg）、第 VII 组（口服给予吲哚美辛 100mg/kg+螺旋藻 1000mg/kg）和第 VIII 组（口服给予吲哚美辛 100mg/kg+小麦草 1000mg/kg）。吲哚美辛治疗 6 小时后，所有大鼠均麻醉并取出胃，测量胃酸、胃蛋白酶活性、粘蛋白含量、胃泌素、溃疡指数、总抗氧化能力（TAC）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-8（IL8）、促凋亡蛋白（Bax）。进行了组织学（使用 H&E 染色、PAS 反应）和免疫组织化学（使用 Ki67 免疫染色）技术。还进行了热休克蛋白 70（HSP70）的 Western 免疫印迹分析。此外，还进行了 Ki67 阳性免疫反应细胞的面积%和 PAS 反应的光密度和面积%的形态计量学研究。所有进行的测量均进行了统计学分析。吲哚美辛导致胃黏膜正常结构丧失，表面上皮脱落和炎症细胞浸润。它还导致胃酸、炎症介质（TNF-α、IL-8）、促凋亡蛋白 Bax 的显著增加，以及 TAC 水平和 HSP-70 表达的显著降低。与对照组和其他预处理大鼠相比，Ki67 免疫反应性的面积%和 PAS 反应的面积%和光密度也显著降低。这些受干扰的参数与溃疡指数的增加有关。在预处理组中，黏膜结构与对照组相似，生化检测有明显改善。总之，螺旋藻和小麦草可以部分保护胃黏膜免受吲哚美辛引起的损伤，其程度与经典治疗奥美拉唑相似。
