Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Jul 14;16(14):2513. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16142513.
There are inequalities with respect to the amount of time men and women spend on leisure. Therefore, it can be assumed that these inequalities are also manifested in the experiences derived from leisure activities and in certain attitudes to life associated with the amount of time devoted to leisure, which emphasize time orientations towards the past, present and future. Based on these ideas, this study analyses the time spent on leisure activities, leisure experience (i.e., perceptions of freedom and satisfaction), and the five factors of the time perspective (hedonistic and fatalistic present; positive and negative past; and future orientation). Participants were 435 men and 434 women, ranging from 18 to 24 years (sample mean = 21.14, standard deviation = 1.99). Two tools were used: a questionnaire about leisure experience, based on the time budget technique, and the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. The results show significant gender differences: men have more leisure time, but women have a more positive leisure experience and time perspectives than men. It can be concluded that women enjoy themselves more with less available leisure time and are more positive with regard to time orientations.
在休闲时间方面，男女之间存在不平等。因此，可以假设这些不平等也体现在休闲活动所带来的体验以及与休闲时间投入量相关的某些生活态度上，这些态度强调了对过去、现在和未来的时间取向。基于这些想法，本研究分析了休闲活动时间、休闲体验（即对自由和满意度的感知）以及时间视角的五个因素（享乐主义和宿命论的现在；积极和消极的过去；以及未来取向）。参与者为 435 名男性和 434 名女性，年龄在 18 至 24 岁之间（样本均值=21.14，标准差=1.99）。使用了两种工具：一份基于时间预算技术的休闲体验问卷和津巴多时间视角量表。结果显示出显著的性别差异：男性拥有更多的休闲时间，但女性比男性拥有更积极的休闲体验和时间视角。可以得出结论，女性在较少的可用休闲时间内享受更多的乐趣，并且对时间取向更加积极。
