Schuabb Thais C, França Lucia H, Amorim Silvia M
Department of Psychology, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Brazil.
Front Psychol. 2019 Jul 23;10:1701. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01701. eCollection 2019.
Retirement is one of the most serious challenges facing Brazil currently, considering the rapid pace of population aging, growing social inequalities, and the difficulty that Brazilians have in planning for their financial future. The number of studies on psychosocial factors in retirement is limited. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to determine Brazilian health workers' perceptions about financial planning for retirement, based on studies by Hershey and Mowen (2000). In this study, retirement saving - the dependent variable - is highlighted by the use of a model with the following antecedents: parental influence, retirement goal clarity and retirement planning activity level. The goals of the study were to establish mediating and moderating relationships as an innovative approach to the original model. Data was gathered from 319 workers at a private hospital in the municipality of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) who filled out a questionnaire concerning their saving behaviors and antecedents. Results indicated a model in which goal clarity mediated the relationship between parental influence and retirement saving, and retirement activity was observed to influence the level of retirement saving. The findings confirmed the complexities of financial planning for retirement, and emphasized important factors, such as parental advice starting in childhood and the effect of this advice on goal clarity. The results also pointed to the role of individual responsibility in the process, which depended on establishing a plan for activities. In addition to parental advice, an educational approach can contribute encouraging saving behaviors and helping retirees achieve financial security in retirement.
考虑到人口老龄化的快速发展、社会不平等现象的加剧以及巴西人在为自己的财务未来做规划时面临的困难，退休是巴西目前面临的最严峻挑战之一。关于退休心理社会因素的研究数量有限。这项横断面研究的目的是基于赫尔希和莫温（2000年）的研究，确定巴西卫生工作者对退休财务规划的看法。在本研究中，退休储蓄作为因变量，通过使用一个具有以下前因的模型得以突出显示：父母的影响、退休目标的清晰度以及退休规划活动水平。该研究的目标是建立中介和调节关系，作为对原始模型的一种创新方法。数据收集自巴西里约热内卢尼泰罗伊市一家私立医院的319名工作人员，他们填写了一份关于储蓄行为及其前因的问卷。结果表明，在一个模型中，目标清晰度中介了父母影响与退休储蓄之间的关系，并且观察到退休活动会影响退休储蓄水平。研究结果证实了退休财务规划的复杂性，并强调了重要因素，比如从童年开始的父母建议以及该建议对目标清晰度的影响。结果还指出了个人责任在这一过程中的作用，这取决于制定活动计划。除了父母的建议外，一种教育方法有助于鼓励储蓄行为，并帮助退休人员在退休后实现财务安全。
