Zhang Wenming, Sindher Sayantani B, Sampath Vanitha, Nadeau Kari
Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.
Allergo J Int. 2018 Sep;27(6):153-161. doi: 10.1007/s40629-018-0067-x. Epub 2018 Jun 6.
The prevalence of food allergy has been increasing over the past few decades at an alarming rate with peanut allergy affecting about 2% of children. Both oral immunotherapy (OIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) have shown promise as a treatment option for peanut allergy. Immunotherapy induces desensitization and reduces the risk of reaction during accidental ingestion and may also enable those who are successfully desensitized to include the food allergen in their diet. OIT has been very well studied and has been found to be more efficacious that SLIT with an acceptable safety profile. However, SLIT is associated with fewer side effects. Studies indicate that a combination of SLIT and OIT may together induce a significant increase in challenge thresholds with fewer adverse events. More head-to-head clinical trials that direct compare OIT and SLIT as well as SLIT and OIT combination studies are warranted.
在过去几十年里，食物过敏的患病率一直以惊人的速度上升，花生过敏影响着约2%的儿童。口服免疫疗法（OIT）和舌下免疫疗法（SLIT）都已显示出作为花生过敏治疗选择的前景。免疫疗法可诱导脱敏，并降低意外摄入期间发生反应的风险，还可能使成功脱敏的人将食物过敏原纳入其饮食中。OIT已经得到了充分研究，并且已发现其比SLIT更有效，安全性也可接受。然而，SLIT的副作用较少。研究表明，SLIT和OIT联合使用可能会共同使激发阈值显著提高，且不良事件较少。需要更多直接比较OIT和SLIT的头对头临床试验以及SLIT与OIT联合研究。
