Kozlowski Pamela A, Aldovini Anna
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
Department of Medicine, and Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Boston MA, 02115, USA.
Curr Immunol Rev. 2019;15(1):102-122. doi: 10.2174/1573395514666180605092054.
Optimal protective immunity to HIV will likely require that plasma cells, memory B cells and memory T cells be stationed in mucosal tissues at portals of viral entry. Mucosal vaccine administration is more effective than parenteral vaccine delivery for this purpose. The challenge has been to achieve efficient vaccine uptake at mucosal surfaces, and to identify safe and effective adjuvants, especially for mucosally administered HIV envelope protein immunogens. Here, we discuss strategies used to deliver potential HIV vaccine candidates in the intestine, respiratory tract, and male and female genital tract of humans and nonhuman primates. We also review mucosal adjuvants, including Toll-like receptor agonists, which may adjuvant both mucosal humoral and cellular immune responses to HIV protein immunogens.
对HIV的最佳保护性免疫可能需要浆细胞、记忆B细胞和记忆T细胞驻扎在病毒进入门户的粘膜组织中。为此，粘膜疫苗接种比肠胃外疫苗接种更有效。挑战在于如何在粘膜表面实现高效的疫苗摄取，以及如何识别安全有效的佐剂，特别是对于粘膜给药的HIV包膜蛋白免疫原。在这里，我们讨论了在人类和非人类灵长类动物的肠道、呼吸道以及男性和女性生殖道中递送潜在HIV疫苗候选物的策略。我们还综述了粘膜佐剂，包括Toll样受体激动剂，它们可能增强对HIV蛋白免疫原的粘膜体液免疫和细胞免疫反应。
