Bone Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics & Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Oct 23;20(21):5264. doi: 10.3390/ijms20215264.
Growth hormone (GH) is best known for its prominent role in promoting prepubertal growth and in regulating body composition and metabolism during adulthood. In recent years, the possible role of GH in the modulation of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) commitment has gained interest. MSCs, characterized by active self-renewal and differentiation potential, express GH receptors. In MSCs derived from different adult tissues, GH induces an inhibition of adipogenic differentiation and favors MSC differentiation towards osteogenesis. This activity of GH indicates that regulation of body composition by GH has already started in the tissue progenitor cells. These findings have fostered research on possible uses of MSCs treated with GH in those pathologies, where a lack of or delays in bone repair occur. After an overview of GH activities, this review will focus on the research that has characterized GH's effects on MSCs and on preliminary studies on the possible application of GH in bone regenerative medicine.
生长激素（GH）最主要的作用是促进青春期前的生长，以及在成年期调节身体成分和代谢。近年来，GH 对间充质干细胞（MSC）分化的调节作用引起了人们的兴趣。MSC 具有活跃的自我更新和分化潜能，表达 GH 受体。在不同成人组织来源的 MSC 中，GH 诱导脂肪生成分化的抑制，并有利于 MSC 向成骨分化。GH 的这种活性表明，GH 通过对组织祖细胞的调节已经开始影响身体成分。这些发现促进了对用 GH 处理的 MSC 在那些发生骨修复缺失或延迟的病理情况下的可能用途的研究。在概述 GH 的作用后，本综述将重点介绍研究 GH 对 MSC 的影响，以及 GH 在骨再生医学中的可能应用的初步研究。
