Plasmonic and chiroplasmonic nanobiosensors based on gold nanoparticles.

Development of optical nanobiosensors has emerged as one of the most important bioresearch areas of interest over the past decades especially in the modern innovations in the design and utilization of sensing platforms. The application of nanobiosensors has been accelerated with the introduction of plasmonic NPs, which overcome the most of the limitations in the case of conventional optical nanobiosensors. Since the plasmonic AuNPs-based nanobiosensors provide high potential achievements to develop promising platforms in fully integrated multiplex assays, some well-developed investigations are clearly required to improve the current technologies and integration of multiple signal inputs. Therefore, in this literature, we summarized the performance and achievements of optical nanobiosensors according to plasmonic rules of AuNPs, including SPR, LSPR, SERS and chiroptical phenomena. Also, we investigated the effects of the physicochemical properties of AuNPs such as size, shape, composition, and assembly on the plasmonic signal propagation in AuNPs-based nanobiosensors. Moreover, we presented an overview on the current state of plasmonic AuNPs-based nanobiosensors in the biomedical activities. Besides, this paper looks at the current and future challenges and opportunities of ongoing efforts to achieve the potential applications of AuNPs-based optical plasmonic nanobiosensors in integration with other nanomaterials. Taken together, the main focus of this paper is to provide some applicable information to develop current methodologies in fabrication of potential AuNPs-based nanobiosensors for detection of a wide range of analytes.