Getie Abebe, Belayneh Yaschilal Muche
Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
Drug Healthc Patient Saf. 2020 Mar 5;12:41-48. doi: 10.2147/DHPS.S241413. eCollection 2020.
Poisoning causes significant patient morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is a common reason for emergency department visits and hospitalizations. Acute poisoning needs immediate effective management to prevent patient mortality or sequela. This study was carried out to determine the pattern of acute poisoning cases and their management at the emergency department of Dessie referral hospital, northeast Ethiopia.
A retrospective cross-sectional study of all registered poisoning cases managed at the emergency department of Dessie referral hospital was conducted from March 10 to May 2, 2018.
There were a total of 147 registered poisoning cases listed in the registry during the study period, of which 120 cases (81.6%) had complete data and were included in the study. Among the total of 120 studied poisoning cases, 66 (55%) were females, and 53 (44.2%) were in the age group of 21-30 years. The causative poison was documented for 118 cases. Organophosphates were the most common poisoning agents involved in 54 (45%) of the cases followed by sodium hypochlorite, 27 (22.5%), and food poisoning, 19 (15.8%). Among the total patients, 77 (64.2%) were self-poisoned intentionally, 31 (25.8%) were poisoned in an unintentional manner and the rest, 12 (10%), had an unknown manner of poisoning. Mental disorder, 25 (20.8%); family disharmony, 23 (19.2%); and marital disharmony, 19 (15.8%) were the three most common causes of intentional poisoning. In all cases of acute poisoning, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment approaches were used. Cimetidine was the most commonly used pharmacologic treatment, 118 (98.3%), followed by antiemetic, 107 (89.2%); proton pump inhibitor, 87 (72.5%), and atropine, 67 (55.8%). ANOVA did not show a statistically significant difference (>0.05) in the frequency of poisoning cases across seasons.
Among 120 acute poisoning cases, 77 (64.2%) were intentional poisoning cases. Organophosphate poisoning accounts for 45% of the total poisoning cases. The three major reasons for intentional poisoning were mental disorders (20.8%), family disharmony (19.2%) and marital disharmony (15.8%). Cimetidine (98.3%) was the most commonly used pharmacologic treatment of the poisoning cases.
中毒在全球范围内导致患者出现严重的发病和死亡情况。它是急诊科就诊和住院的常见原因。急性中毒需要立即进行有效处理以防止患者死亡或出现后遗症。本研究旨在确定埃塞俄比亚东北部德西转诊医院急诊科急性中毒病例的模式及其处理情况。
对2018年3月10日至5月2日在德西转诊医院急诊科处理的所有登记中毒病例进行回顾性横断面研究。
在研究期间登记册上共有147例中毒病例，其中120例（81.6%）有完整数据并纳入研究。在总共120例研究的中毒病例中，66例（55%）为女性，53例（44.2%）年龄在21至30岁之间。记录了118例中毒的致病毒物。有机磷是最常见的中毒剂，涉及54例（45%）病例，其次是次氯酸钠，27例（22.5%），以及食物中毒，19例（15.8%）。在所有患者中，77例（64.2%）为故意自我中毒，31例（25.8%）为意外中毒，其余12例（10%）中毒方式不明。精神障碍（20.8%）、家庭不和（19.2%）和婚姻不和（15.8%）是故意中毒的三个最常见原因。在所有急性中毒病例中，均采用了药物和非药物治疗方法。西咪替丁是最常用的药物治疗，118例（98.3%），其次是止吐药，107例（89.2%）；质子泵抑制剂，87例（72.5%），以及阿托品，67例（55.8%）。方差分析未显示各季节中毒病例频率有统计学显著差异（>0.05）。
在120例急性中毒病例中，77例（64.2%）为故意中毒病例。有机磷中毒占总中毒病例的45%。故意中毒的三个主要原因是精神障碍（20.8%）、家庭不和（19.2%）和婚姻不和（15.8%）。西咪替丁（98.3%）是中毒病例最常用的药物治疗。
