来自人和宠物的耐万古霉素肠球菌（VRE）及产超广谱β-内酰胺酶/ AmpC酶（ESBL/AmpC）中的抗生素耐药性及毒力特征
Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Traits in Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase/AmpC-producing (ESBL/AmpC) from Humans and Pets.
作者信息
Iseppi Ramona, Di Cerbo Alessandro, Messi Patrizia, Sabia Carla
机构信息
Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy.
School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy.
出版信息
Antibiotics (Basel). 2020 Mar 31;9(4):152. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9040152.
BACKGROUND
We investigated the virulence factors, genes, antibiotic resistance patterns, and genotypes (VRE and ESBL/AmpC) production in Enterococci and strains isolated from fecal samples of humans, dogs, and cats.
METHODS
A total of 100 fecal samples from 50 humans, 25 dogs, and 25 cats were used in the study. MICs of nine antimicrobials were determined using the broth microdilution method. Polymerase chain reaction was used for the detection of genes responsible for antibiotic resistance (VRE and ESBL/AmpC) and virulence genes both in species, such as cytolysin (cylA, cylB, cylM), aggregation substance (agg), gelatinase (gelE), enterococcal surface protein (esp), cell wall adhesins (efaAfs and efaAfm), and in , such as cytolysin (hemolysin) and gelatinase production (afa, cdt, cnf1, hlyA, iutA, papC, sfa).
RESULTS
was the most prevalent species in humans and cats, whereas was the species isolated in the remaining samples. A total of 200 strains were also detected, mainly from humans, and was the most frequently isolated species in all types of samples. In the spp, the highest percentages of resistance for ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, erythromycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, teicoplanin, and vancomycin were detected in cat isolates (41.6%, 52.8%, 38.9%, 23.6%, 62.5%, 20.8%, and 23.6% respectively), and in , a higher rate of resistance to cefotaxime and ceftazidime emerged in cat and dog samples, if compared with humans (75.4% and 66.0%, 80.0% and 71.4%, and 32.0% and 27.2%, respectively). Regarding the total number of enterococci, 5% and 3.4% of the strains were vancomycin and teicoplanin resistant, and the vancomycin resistance (van A) gene has been detected in all samples by PCR amplification. All the strains were confirmed as ESBL producers by PCR and sequencing, and the most frequent ESBL genes in strains from humans and pet samples were and .
CONCLUSIONS
Our results provide evidence that one or more virulence factors were present in both genera, underlining again the ability of pet strains to act as pathogens.
背景
我们研究了从人类、狗和猫的粪便样本中分离出的肠球菌和菌株的毒力因子、基因、抗生素耐药模式及基因型（耐万古霉素肠球菌和超广谱β-内酰胺酶/头孢菌素酶）。
方法
本研究共使用了来自50名人类、25只狗和25只猫的100份粪便样本。采用肉汤微量稀释法测定9种抗菌药物的最低抑菌浓度。聚合酶链反应用于检测负责抗生素耐药性（耐万古霉素肠球菌和超广谱β-内酰胺酶/头孢菌素酶）的基因以及肠球菌属和大肠杆菌属中与毒力相关的基因，如细胞溶素（cylA、cylB、cylM）、聚集物质（agg）、明胶酶（gelE）、肠球菌表面蛋白（esp）、细胞壁黏附素（efaAfs和efaAfm），以及大肠杆菌属中的细胞溶素（溶血素）和明胶酶产生（afa、cdt、cnf1、hlyA、iutA、papC、sfa）。
结果
粪肠球菌是人类和猫中最常见的菌种，而屎肠球菌则是在其余样本中分离出的菌种。总共还检测到200株大肠杆菌菌株，主要来自人类，并且大肠杆菌是所有类型样本中最常分离出的菌种。在肠球菌属菌种中，猫分离株对氨苄西林、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、红霉素、四环素、环丙沙星、替考拉宁和万古霉素的耐药率最高（分别为41.6%、52.8%、38.9%、23.6%、62.5%、20.8%和23.6%），而在大肠杆菌属中，与人类样本相比，猫和狗样本中对头孢噻肟和头孢他啶的耐药率更高（分别为75.4%和66.0%、80.0%和71.4%、32.0%和27.2%）。关于肠球菌的总数，5%和3.4%的菌株对万古霉素和替考拉宁耐药，并且通过PCR扩增在所有样本中均检测到了万古霉素耐药（van A）基因。所有大肠杆菌菌株通过PCR和测序被确认为超广谱β-内酰胺酶产生菌，并且人类和宠物样本中大肠杆菌菌株中最常见的超广谱β-内酰胺酶基因是CTX-M和TEM。
结论
我们的结果提供了证据，表明两个属中都存在一种或多种毒力因子，再次强调了宠物菌株作为病原体的能力。
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