Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.
Institute for Sport, Physical Activity & Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom.
J Nutr. 2020 Jul 1;150(7):1765-1772. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxaa105.
Fructose ingestion with a high-fat beverage increases postprandial lipemia when compared with glucose. It is unknown whether other sugars, such as galactose, also increase postprandial lipemia.
The objective was to assess whether galactose ingestion within a high-fat beverage increases postprandial lipemia relative to glucose or fructose.
Two experiments were conducted, which contrasted different test drinks under otherwise standardized conditions. In Experiment 1, 10 nonobese men (age: 22 ± 1 y; BMI, 23.5 ± 2.2 kg/2) ingested either galactose or glucose (0.75 g supplemented carbohydrate per⋅kilogram body mass) within a high-fat test drink (0.94 g fat per kilogram body mass). In Experiment 2, a separate group of 9 nonobese men (age: 26 ± 6 y; BMI: 23.5 ± 2.6 kg/m2) ingested either galactose or fructose (identical doses as those in Experiment 1) within the same high-fat test drink. Capillary blood was sampled before and at frequent intervals after ingestion of the test drinks for a 300-min period to determine plasma triacylglycerol, glucose, lactate, nonesterified fatty acid, and insulin concentrations. Paired t tests and 2-way, repeated-measures ANOVA were used to compare conditions within each experiment.
The incremental AUC for triacylglycerol was greater following galactose ingestion compared with glucose (127 ± 59 compared with 80 ± 48 mmol⋅L-1 × 300 min, respectively; P = 0.04) but not compared with fructose (136 ± 74 compared with 133 ± 63 mmol⋅L-1 ×300 min, respectively; P = 0.91). Plasma lactate concentrations also increased to a greater extent with galactose compared with glucose ingestion (time-condition interaction: P < 0.001) but not fructose ingestion (time-condition interaction: P = 0.17).
Galactose ingestion within a high-fat beverage exacerbates postprandial lipemia and plasma lactate concentrations compared with glucose but not fructose in nonobese men. These data suggest that galactose metabolism may be more similar to fructose than to glucose, providing a rationale to reassess the metabolic fate of galactose ingestion in humans. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03439878.
与葡萄糖相比，果糖与高脂肪饮料一起摄入会增加餐后血脂。目前尚不清楚其他糖，如半乳糖，是否也会增加餐后血脂。
本研究旨在评估在高脂肪饮料中摄入半乳糖是否会导致餐后血脂升高，与葡萄糖或果糖相比。
进行了两项实验，在其他标准化条件下对比了不同的测试饮料。在实验 1 中，10 名非肥胖男性（年龄：22±1 岁；BMI，23.5±2.2 kg/2）分别在高脂肪测试饮料（每公斤体重 0.94 克脂肪）中摄入半乳糖或葡萄糖（0.75 克每公斤体重补充碳水化合物）。在实验 2 中，另一组 9 名非肥胖男性（年龄：26±6 岁；BMI：23.5±2.6 kg/m2）在相同的高脂肪测试饮料中摄入半乳糖或果糖（剂量与实验 1 中相同）。在 300 分钟的时间内，在摄入测试饮料前后频繁采集毛细血管血样，以确定血浆三酰甘油、葡萄糖、乳酸、非酯化脂肪酸和胰岛素浓度。采用配对 t 检验和 2 因素重复测量方差分析比较每个实验中的条件。
与葡萄糖相比，半乳糖摄入后三酰甘油的增量 AUC 更大（分别为 127±59 与 80±48 mmol·L-1×300 min，P=0.04），但与果糖相比则不然（分别为 136±74 与 133±63 mmol·L-1×300 min，P=0.91）。与葡萄糖摄入相比，半乳糖摄入后血浆乳酸浓度也升高（时间-条件交互作用：P<0.001），但果糖摄入则不然（时间-条件交互作用：P=0.17）。
在非肥胖男性中，与葡萄糖相比，高脂肪饮料中摄入半乳糖会加剧餐后血脂和血浆乳酸浓度升高，但与果糖相比则不然。这些数据表明，半乳糖代谢可能与果糖更相似，而不是葡萄糖，这为重新评估人类对半乳糖摄入的代谢命运提供了依据。本试验在 clinicaltrials.gov 注册为 NCT03439878。
