Rampersad Sephra N
Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago-West Indies.
Pathogens. 2020 May 1;9(5):340. doi: 10.3390/pathogens9050340.
There is an urgency to supplant the heavy reliance on chemical control of diseases in different economically important, staple food crops due to development of resistance in the pathogen population, the high cost of production to the risk-averse grower, and the concomitant environmental impacts. Pathogenomics has enabled (i) the creation of genetic inventories which identify those putative genes, regulators, and effectors that are associated with virulence, pathogenicity, and primary and secondary metabolism; (ii) comparison of such genes among related pathogens; (iii) identification of potential genetic targets for chemical control; and (iv) better characterization of the complex dynamics of host-microbe interactions that lead to disease. This type of genomic data serves to inform host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) technology for targeted disruption of transcription of select genes for the control of diseases. This review discusses the various repositories and browser access points for comparison of genomic data, the strategies for identification and selection of pathogenicity- and virulence-associated genes and effectors in different species, HIGS and successful disease control trials with a consideration of loss of RNAi, off-target effects, and future challenges in applying HIGS for management of diseases.
由于病原菌群体产生抗性、风险规避型种植者的生产成本高昂以及随之而来的环境影响，迫切需要改变对不同经济上重要的主粮作物病害进行化学防治的严重依赖。病原基因组学已实现：（i）创建遗传目录，识别那些与毒力、致病性以及初级和次级代谢相关的假定基因、调节因子和效应子；（ii）比较相关病原菌之间的此类基因；（iii）确定化学防治的潜在遗传靶点；（iv）更好地表征导致病害的宿主-微生物相互作用的复杂动态。这类基因组数据有助于为宿主诱导基因沉默（HIGS）技术提供信息，以靶向破坏特定基因的转录来控制病害。本综述讨论了用于比较基因组数据的各种数据库和浏览器访问点、在不同物种中鉴定和选择与致病性和毒力相关的基因及效应子的策略、HIGS以及成功的病害防治试验，并考虑了RNA干扰的丧失、脱靶效应以及应用HIGS进行病害管理的未来挑战。
