Aboh Enoch O
Amsterdam Center for Language and Communication (ACLC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Front Psychol. 2020 Apr 23;11:488. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00488. eCollection 2020.
In the literature, the term code-mixing/switching refers to instances of language mixing in which speakers/signers combine properties of two or more languages in their utterances. Such a linguistic behavior is typically discussed in the context of multilinguals, and experts commonly focus on the form of language mixing/switching and its cross-linguistic commonalities. Not much is known, however, about how the knowledge of code-mixing comes about. How come any speaker/signer having access to more than one externalization channel (spoken or signed) code-mixes spontaneously? Likewise, why do both neurotypical speakers/signers and certain neuro-atypical speakers/signers produce structurally similar mixing types? This paper offers some answers to these questions arguing that the cognitive process underlying code-mixing is a basic property of the human learning device: , a fully automated cognitive process. Recombination is innate: it allows learners to select relevant linguistic features from heterogeneous inputs, and recombine them into new syntactic objects as part of their mental grammars whose extensions, arguably individual idiolects, represents what Aboh (2015b,a, 2019b) characterizes as hybrid grammars.
在文献中，语码混合/转换这一术语指的是语言混合的情况，即说话者/手语者在话语中结合两种或多种语言的特性。这种语言行为通常在多语言者的背景下进行讨论，专家们通常关注语码混合/转换的形式及其跨语言共性。然而，对于语码混合知识是如何产生的，我们所知甚少。为什么任何能够使用不止一种外化渠道（口语或手语）的说话者/手语者会自发地进行语码混合呢？同样，为什么典型神经类型的说话者/手语者和某些非典型神经类型的说话者/手语者都会产生结构相似的混合类型呢？本文为这些问题提供了一些答案，认为语码混合背后的认知过程是人类学习机制的一个基本属性：一种完全自动化的认知过程。重组是天生的：它允许学习者从异质输入中选择相关的语言特征，并将它们重新组合成新的句法对象，作为其心理语法的一部分，其扩展形式（可以说是个人方言）代表了阿博（2015b、a，2019b）所描述的混合语法。
