Salzberger B, Buder F, Lampl B, Ehrenstein B, Hitzenbichler F, Hanses F
Abt. Krankenhaushygiene und Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Deutschland.
Sachgebiet Infektionsschutz und Hygiene, Gesundheitsamt Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland.
Internist (Berl). 2020 Aug;61(8):782-788. doi: 10.1007/s00108-020-00834-9.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new β‑Coronavirus that was first detected in 2019 in Wuhan, China. In the ensuing months it has been transmitted worldwide. Here the authors present the current knowledge on the epidemiology of this virus. SARS-CoV‑2 replicates mainly in the upper and lower respiratory tract and is primarily transmitted by droplets from asymptomatic and symptomatic infected subjects. The estimate for the basic reproduction number (R) is currently between 2 and 3, while the incubation period is 6 (median, range 2-14) days. Although most infections are uncomplicated, 5-10% of cases develop pneumonia, which can lead to hospitalization, respiratory failure and multiorgan failure. Risk factors for a complicated disease course include age, hypertension, chronic cardiovascular and pulmonary disease and immunodeficiency. The overall case fatality rate is 1.4%, with the rate rising in the sixth decade of life. Nosocomial and infections in medical personnel have been reported. Drastic reductions in social contact have been implemented in many countries with outbreaks of SARS-CoV‑2, leading to rapid reductions in R. Which of the measures have been effective is still unknown.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）是一种新型β冠状病毒，于2019年首次在中国武汉被发现。在随后的几个月里，它在全球范围内传播。在此，作者介绍了关于这种病毒流行病学的当前知识。SARS-CoV-2主要在上、下呼吸道复制，主要通过无症状和有症状感染个体的飞沫传播。目前对基本再生数（R）的估计在2至3之间，而潜伏期为6天（中位数，范围2至14天）。虽然大多数感染并不复杂，但5%至10%的病例会发展为肺炎，可导致住院、呼吸衰竭和多器官衰竭。疾病进程复杂的危险因素包括年龄、高血压、慢性心血管和肺部疾病以及免疫缺陷。总体病死率为1.4%，在60岁时病死率上升。已有医院内感染和医务人员感染的报告。许多出现SARS-CoV-2疫情的国家都大幅减少了社交接触，导致R迅速下降。哪些措施有效仍不清楚。
