Antimicrobial Effects against Oral Pathogens and Cytotoxicity of Extract.

We aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of extract on and and its biocompatibility for dental applications. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts at concentrations of 50, 100, 150, and 200 µg/mL was assessed using agar disk diffusion tests, counting the total number of colony-forming units (CFUs), spectrophotometric growth inhibitory assays, and microbial morphology observations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM; Merin, Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany). We measured the polyphenol and flavonoid contents of extracts using ultraviolet-visible spectrometry and the cytotoxicity of these extracts using an MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. We identified that extracts had significant antimicrobial effects against and . The optical density of the experimental groups significantly decreased compared with that of the control group. SEM images revealed that the extract affected the morphology and density of and . The extract concentration of flavonoids, but not polyphenols, increased with increasing concentrations of the extract. Furthermore, cell viabilities were more than 70% for extracts with concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/mL. Naturally derived is biocompatible and exhibits an excellent antimicrobial effect against oral pathogens such as and . Thus, extracts can be used for the development of oral products that treat and prevent oral diseases.