Yao Dezhong, Zhang Yangsong, Liu Tiejun, Xu Peng, Gong Diankun, Lu Jing, Xia Yang, Luo Cheng, Guo Daqing, Dong Li, Lai Yongxiu, Chen Ke, Li Jianfu
Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China.
School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China.
Cogn Neurodyn. 2020 Aug;14(4):425-442. doi: 10.1007/s11571-020-09577-7. Epub 2020 Mar 17.
The brain is the most important organ of the human body, and the conversations between the brain and an apparatus can not only reveal a normally functioning or a dysfunctional brain but also can modulate the brain. Here, the apparatus may be a nonbiological instrument, such as a computer, and the consequent brain-computer interface is now a very popular research area with various applications. The apparatus may also be a biological organ or system, such as the gut and muscle, and their efficient conversations with the brain are vital for a healthy life. Are there any common bases that bind these different scenarios? Here, we propose a new comprehensive cross area: Bacomics, which comes from brain-apparatus conversations (BAC) + omics. We take Bacomics to cover at least three situations: (1) The brain is normal, but the conversation channel is disabled, as in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The task is to reconstruct or open up new channels to reactivate the brain function. (2) The brain is in disorder, such as in Parkinson's disease, and the work is to utilize existing or open up new channels to intervene, repair and modulate the brain by medications or stimulation. (3) Both the brain and channels are in order, and the goal is to enhance coordinated development between the brain and apparatus. In this paper, we elaborate the connotation of BAC into three aspects according to the information flow: the issue of output to the outside (BAC-1), the issue of input to the brain (BAC-2) and the issue of unity of brain and apparatus (BAC-3). More importantly, there are no less than five principles that may be taken as the cornerstones of Bacomics, such as feedforward and feedback control, brain plasticity, harmony, the unity of opposites and systems principles. Clearly, Bacomics integrates these seemingly disparate domains, but more importantly, opens a much wider door for the research and development of the brain, and the principles further provide the general framework in which to realize or optimize these various conversations.
大脑是人体最重要的器官，大脑与一种装置之间的对话不仅能够揭示大脑功能正常与否，还能够调节大脑。在此，该装置可以是一种非生物仪器，比如计算机，由此产生的脑机接口如今是一个非常热门的研究领域，有着各种各样的应用。该装置也可以是一个生物器官或系统，比如肠道和肌肉，它们与大脑的有效对话对于健康生活至关重要。是否存在将这些不同情形联系起来的共同基础呢？在此，我们提出一个新的综合交叉领域：Bacomics，它源自大脑-装置对话（BAC）+组学。我们认为Bacomics至少涵盖三种情形：（1）大脑正常，但对话通道受损，如在肌萎缩侧索硬化症中。任务是重建或开辟新的通道以重新激活大脑功能。（2）大脑出现紊乱，如在帕金森病中，工作是利用现有的或开辟新的通道，通过药物或刺激来干预、修复和调节大脑。（3）大脑和通道均正常，目标是增强大脑与装置之间的协同发展。在本文中，我们根据信息流将BAC的内涵阐述为三个方面：向外部输出的问题（BAC-1）、向大脑输入的问题（BAC-2）以及大脑与装置统一的问题（BAC-3）。更重要的是，至少有五条原则可被视为Bacomics的基石，如前馈和反馈控制、大脑可塑性、协调性、对立统一和系统原则。显然，Bacomics整合了这些看似毫不相干的领域，但更重要的是，为大脑的研发打开了一扇更广阔的大门，而这些原则进一步提供了实现或优化这些各种对话的总体框架。
