Coco-Martin María B, Piñero David P, Leal-Vega Luis, Hernández-Rodríguez Carlos J, Adiego Joaquin, Molina-Martín Ainhoa, de Fez Dolores, Arenillas Juan F
Group of Applied Clinical Neurosciences and Advanced Data Analysis, Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
J Ophthalmol. 2020 Jun 29;2020:7067846. doi: 10.1155/2020/7067846. eCollection 2020.
In recent years, virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a new safe and effective tool for neurorehabilitation of different childhood and adulthood conditions. VR-based therapies can induce cortical reorganization and promote the activation of different neuronal connections over a wide range of ages, leading to contrasted improvements in motor and functional skills. The use of VR for the visual rehabilitation in amblyopia has been investigated in the last years, with the potential of using serious games combining perceptual learning and dichoptic stimulation. This combination of technologies allows the clinician to measure, treat, and control changes in interocular suppression, which is one of the factors leading to cortical alterations in amblyopia. Several clinical researches on this issue have been conducted, showing the potential of promoting visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and stereopsis improvement. Indeed, several systems have been evaluated for amblyopia treatment including the use of different commercially available types of head mounted displays (HMDs). These HMDs are mostly well tolerated by patients during short exposures and do not cause significant long-term side effects, although their use has been occasionally associated with some visual discomfort and other complications in certain types of subjects. More studies are needed to confirm these promising therapies in controlled randomized clinical trials, with special emphasis on the definition of the most adequate planning for obtaining an effective recovery of the visual and binocular function.
近年来，虚拟现实（VR）已成为一种用于不同儿童和成人疾病神经康复的新型安全有效工具。基于VR的疗法可诱导皮质重组，并促进不同年龄段广泛的神经元连接激活，从而显著改善运动和功能技能。过去几年，人们对VR用于弱视视觉康复进行了研究，其潜力在于利用结合感知学习和双眼刺激的严肃游戏。这种技术组合使临床医生能够测量、治疗和控制双眼抑制的变化，而双眼抑制是导致弱视皮质改变的因素之一。已针对此问题开展了多项临床研究，显示出提高视力、对比敏感度和立体视的潜力。事实上，已对包括使用不同商用头戴式显示器（HMD）在内的多种弱视治疗系统进行了评估。尽管在某些类型的受试者中，HMD的使用偶尔会伴有一些视觉不适和其他并发症，但患者在短时间使用时大多耐受性良好，且不会引起明显的长期副作用。需要更多研究在对照随机临床试验中证实这些有前景的疗法，尤其要重点确定最适当的方案规划，以有效恢复视觉和双眼功能。
