Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Nancy, 54395 Nancy, France.
Development of Adaptation and Disadvantage, Cardiorespiratory Regulations and Motor Control (EA 3450 DevAH), University of Lorraine, 54395 Nancy, France.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Aug 27;17(17):6212. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17176212.
Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by variable airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and airway inflammation. Evidence suggests that air pollution has a negative impact on asthma outcomes in both adult and pediatric populations. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the effect of various outdoor and indoor pollutants on asthma outcomes, their burden on its management, as well as to highlight the measures that could result in improved asthma outcomes. Traffic-related air pollution, nitrogen dioxide and second-hand smoking (SHS) exposures represent significant risk factors for asthma development in children. Nevertheless, a causal relation between air pollution and development of adult asthma is not clearly established. Exposure to outdoor pollutants can induce asthma symptoms, exacerbations and decreases in lung function. Active tobacco smoking is associated with poorer asthma control, while exposure to SHS increases the risk of asthma exacerbations, respiratory symptoms and healthcare utilization. Other indoor pollutants such as heating sources and molds can also negatively impact the course of asthma. Global measures, that aim to reduce exposure to air pollutants, are highly needed in order to improve the outcomes and management of adult and pediatric asthma in addition to the existing guidelines.
哮喘是一种慢性呼吸系统疾病，其特征为气流阻塞具有可变性、支气管高反应性和气道炎症。有证据表明，空气污染对成人和儿童哮喘结局都有负面影响。本综述的目的是总结各种室外和室内污染物对哮喘结局的影响、它们对哮喘管理的负担，以及强调可能改善哮喘结局的措施。交通相关的空气污染、二氧化氮和二手烟暴露是儿童哮喘发展的重要危险因素。然而，空气污染与成人哮喘发展之间的因果关系尚未明确建立。暴露于室外污染物会引发哮喘症状、加重和肺功能下降。主动吸烟与哮喘控制较差有关，而接触二手烟会增加哮喘加重、呼吸道症状和医疗保健利用的风险。其他室内污染物，如取暖源和霉菌，也会对哮喘病程产生负面影响。需要采取全球措施，以减少空气污染的暴露，除了现有的指南之外，这对改善成人和儿童哮喘的结局和管理非常重要。
