Trautwein Consulting, 58097 Hagen, Germany.
Upfield Research & Development, 3071 JL Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Nutrients. 2020 Sep 1;12(9):2671. doi: 10.3390/nu12092671.
Convincing evidence supports the intake of specific food components, food groups, or whole dietary patterns to positively influence dyslipidemia and to lower risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Specific macro- and micro-components of a predominantly plant-based dietary pattern are vegetable fats, dietary fibers, and phytonutrients such as phytosterols. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding effects of these components on lowering blood lipids, i.e., low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and on reducing CVD risk. The beneficial role of a plant-based diet on cardiovascular (CV) health has increasingly been recognized. Plant-based dietary patterns include a Mediterranean and Nordic diet pattern, the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH), and Portfolio diet, as well as vegetarian- or vegan-type diet patterns. These diets have all been found to lower CVD-related risk factors like blood LDL-C, and observational study evidence supports their role in lowering CVD risk. These diet patterns are not only beneficial for dyslipidemia management and prevention of CVD but further contribute to reducing the impact of food choices on environmental degradation. Hence, the CV health benefits of a predominantly plant-based diet as a healthy and environmentally sustainable eating pattern are today recommended by many food-based dietary as well as clinical practice guidelines.
有充分的证据表明，摄入特定的食物成分、食物组或整体饮食模式可以积极影响血脂异常，降低心血管疾病 (CVD) 的风险。以植物为主的饮食模式的特定宏量和微量成分包括蔬菜脂肪、膳食纤维和植物固醇等植物营养素。这篇综述总结了这些成分降低血液脂质（即低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL-C)）和降低 CVD 风险的最新知识。植物性饮食对心血管 (CV) 健康的有益作用已逐渐得到认可。植物性饮食模式包括地中海和北欧饮食模式、高血压饮食治疗法 (DASH)、Portfolio 饮食以及素食或纯素饮食模式。这些饮食都被发现可以降低与 CVD 相关的风险因素，如血液 LDL-C，观察性研究证据支持它们在降低 CVD 风险方面的作用。这些饮食模式不仅有益于血脂异常的管理和 CVD 的预防，还有助于减少食物选择对环境恶化的影响。因此，许多以食物为基础的饮食和临床实践指南都推荐以植物为主的饮食作为一种健康和环境可持续的饮食模式，以带来心血管健康益处。
