School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminant Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510440, PR China.
Environ Pollut. 2021 Mar 1;272:115990. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115990. Epub 2020 Nov 9.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and certain ingredients in personal care products, such as parabens, bisphenols, triclosan and phthalate metabolites, have become ubiquitous in the world. Concerns of human exposure to these pollutants have increased during recent years because of various adverse health effects of these chemicals. Multiple compounds including parabens, bisphenols, triclosan, phthalate metabolites (mPAEs) and hydroxyl PAHs (OH-PAHs) in urine samples from Guangzhou were determined simultaneously to identify the human exposure pathways without external exposure data combined with data analysis, and the toxicants posed the highest risk to human health were screened in the present study. The detection frequencies for the chemicals exceeded 90%. Among the contaminants, mPAEs showed the highest concentrations, followed by OH-PAHs, with triclosan present at the lowest concentrations. Mono-n-butyl phthalate, methylparaben, bisphenol A, and hydroxynaphthalene represented the most abundant mPAE, parabens, bisphenol, and OH-PAH compounds, respectively. The present PAHs are mainly exposed to human through inhalation, while the chemicals added to personal care products are mainly exposed to human through oral intake and dermal contact. The urine samples from suburban subjects showed significantly higher OH-PAH levels than the urine samples from urban subjects, and females had lower OH-PAH levels than males. Urinary concentrations of the analyzed contaminants were significantly correlated with age, body mass index, residence time, as well as the frequencies of alcohol consumption and swimming. Risk assessments based on Monte Carlo simulation indicated that approximately 30% of the subjects suffered non-carcinogenic risks from mPAEs and OH-PAHs, with mPAEs accounting for 89% of the total risk.
多环芳烃（PAHs）和某些个人护理产品中的成分，如对羟基苯甲酸酯、双酚 A、三氯生和邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物，在世界范围内无处不在。由于这些化学物质对各种健康的不良影响，近年来人们对人类接触这些污染物的担忧有所增加。本研究通过数据分析，结合无外部暴露数据，同时测定了广州地区人群尿液中多种化合物（包括对羟基苯甲酸酯、双酚 A、三氯生、邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物（mPAEs）和羟基多环芳烃（OH-PAHs）），以确定人类的暴露途径，并筛选出对人类健康构成最高风险的有毒物质。在所研究的化学物质中，检测频率超过 90%。在这些污染物中，mPAEs 浓度最高，其次是 OH-PAHs，三氯生浓度最低。单正丁基邻苯二甲酸酯、甲基对羟基苯甲酸酯、双酚 A 和羟基萘分别代表最丰富的 mPAE、对羟基苯甲酸酯、双酚和 OH-PAH 化合物。目前，多环芳烃主要通过吸入暴露于人体，而添加到个人护理产品中的化学物质主要通过口服摄入和皮肤接触暴露于人体。与城市居民相比，郊区居民尿液中的 OH-PAH 水平明显较高，而女性的 OH-PAH 水平低于男性。分析污染物的尿液浓度与年龄、体重指数、居留时间以及饮酒和游泳频率呈显著相关。基于蒙特卡罗模拟的风险评估表明，约 30%的研究对象受到 mPAEs 和 OH-PAHs 的非致癌风险，其中 mPAEs 占总风险的 89%。
