Grupo de Materiales Compuestos, Escuela de Ingeniería de Materiales, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 # 100-00, Cali 76001, Colombia.
Grupo de Investigación de Fotoquímica y Fotobiología, Universidad del Atlántico, Carrera 30 Número 8-49, Puerto Colombia 081008, Colombia.
Biomolecules. 2020 Nov 30;10(12):1616. doi: 10.3390/biom10121616.
Acrylic bone cements (ABC) are widely used in orthopedics for joint fixation, antibiotic release, and bone defect filling, among others. However, most commercially available ABCs exhibit a lack of bioactivity and are susceptible to infection after implantation. These disadvantages generate long-term loosening of the prosthesis, high morbidity, and prolonged and expensive treatments. Due to the great importance of acrylic bone cements in orthopedics, the scientific community has advanced several efforts to develop bioactive ABCs with antibacterial activity through several strategies, including the use of biodegradable materials such as chitosan (CS) and nanostructures such as graphene oxide (GO), with promising results. This paper reviews several studies reporting advantages in bioactivity and antibacterial properties after incorporating CS and GO in bone cements. Detailed information on the possible mechanisms by which these fillers confer bioactive and antibacterial properties to cements, resulting in formulations with great potential for use in orthopedics, are also a focus in the manuscript. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review that presents the improvement in biological properties with CS and GO addition in cements that we believe will contribute to the biomedical field.
丙烯酸酯骨水泥（ABC）广泛应用于骨科领域，用于关节固定、抗生素释放和骨缺损填充等。然而，大多数市售的 ABC 缺乏生物活性，在植入后容易感染。这些缺点导致假体长期松动、发病率高、治疗时间延长和费用昂贵。由于丙烯酸酯骨水泥在骨科中的重要性，科学界已经通过几种策略，包括使用可生物降解材料如壳聚糖（CS）和纳米结构如氧化石墨烯（GO），来开发具有抗菌活性的生物活性 ABC，取得了一些有前景的成果。本文综述了一些研究报告，这些研究报告在骨水泥中加入 CS 和 GO 后在生物活性和抗菌性能方面的优势。本文还重点关注了这些填料使水泥具有生物活性和抗菌性能的可能机制的详细信息，这些机制使配方具有在骨科中应用的巨大潜力。据我们所知，这是第一篇系统综述，介绍了 CS 和 GO 加入水泥后生物性能的改善，我们相信这将有助于生物医学领域。
