对话代理与心理健康康复的实现。
Conversational agents and the making of mental health recovery.
作者信息
Meadows Robert, Hine Christine, Suddaby Eleanor
机构信息
Department of Sociology, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK.
出版信息
Digit Health. 2020 Nov 20;6:2055207620966170. doi: 10.1177/2055207620966170. eCollection 2020 Jan-Dec.
BACKGROUND
Artificial intelligence (AI) is said to be "transforming mental health". AI-based technologies and technique are now considered to have uses in almost every domain of mental health care: including decision-making, assessment and healthcare management. What remains underexplored is whether/how mental health is situated within these discussions and practices.
METHOD
Taking conversational agents as our point of departure, we explore the ways official online materials explain and make sense of chatbots, their imagined functionality and value for (potential) users. We focus on three chatbots for mental health: Woebot, Wysa and Tess.
FINDINGS
"Recovery" is largely missing as an overt focus across materials. However, analysis does reveal themes that speak to the struggles over practice, expertise and evidence that the concept of recovery articulates. We discuss these under the headings "troubled clinical responsibility", "extended virtue of (technological) self-care" and "altered ontologies and psychopathologies of time".
CONCLUSIONS
Ultimately, we argue that alongside more traditional forms of recovery, chatbots may be shaped by, and shaping, an increasingly individualised form of a "personal recovery imperative".
背景
人工智能（AI）据称正在“改变心理健康领域”。基于人工智能的技术和方法如今被认为在心理健康护理的几乎每个领域都有应用：包括决策、评估和医疗管理。尚未得到充分探索的是心理健康在这些讨论和实践中是如何被定位的。
方法
以对话代理为出发点，我们探究官方在线材料解释聊天机器人的方式，以及它们对（潜在）用户所设想的功能和价值。我们聚焦于三款心理健康聊天机器人：Woebot、Wysa和Tess。
研究结果
“康复”在很大程度上未被作为这些材料的一个明确重点。然而，分析确实揭示了一些主题，这些主题涉及到康复概念所阐明的实践、专业知识和证据方面的斗争。我们在“困扰的临床责任”、“（技术）自我护理的扩展优点”和“时间的本体论和精神病理学改变”等标题下讨论这些主题。
结论
最终，我们认为，除了更传统的康复形式之外，聊天机器人可能受到一种日益个性化的“个人康复紧迫性”形式的影响，并正在塑造这种形式。
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