University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2020 Dec 30;12(52):57721-57731. doi: 10.1021/acsami.0c18172. Epub 2020 Dec 15.
Multifunctional nanogel coatings provide a promising antimicrobial strategy against biomedical implant-associated infections. Nanogels can create a hydrated surface layer to promote antifouling properties effectively. Further modification of nanogels with quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) potentiates antimicrobial activity owing to their positive charges along with the presence of a membrane-intercalating alkyl chain. This study effectively demonstrates that poly(N-isopropylacrylamide--N-[3(dimethylamino)propyl]methacrylamide) (P(NIPAM--DMAPMA)-based nanogel coatings possess antifouling behavior against ATCC 12600, a Gram-positive bacterium. Through the tertiary amine in the DMAPMA comonomer, nanogels are quaternized with a 1-bromo-dodecane chain via an N-alkylation reaction. The alkylation introduces the antibacterial activity due to the bacterial membrane binding and the intercalating ability of the aliphatic QAC. Subsequently, the quaternized nanogels enable the formation of intraparticle hydrophobic domains because of intraparticle hydrophobic interactions of the aliphatic chains allowing for Triclosan incorporation. The coating with Triclosan-loaded nanogels shows a killing efficacy of up to 99.99% of adhering bacteria on the surface compared to nonquaternized nanogel coatings while still possessing an antifouling activity. This powerful multifunctional coating for combating biomaterial-associated infection is envisioned to greatly impact the design approaches for future clinically applied coatings.
多功能纳米凝胶涂层为对抗与生物医学植入物相关的感染提供了一种有前途的抗菌策略。纳米凝胶可以形成水合表面层，从而有效地促进抗污性能。通过用季铵化合物 (QAC) 进一步修饰纳米凝胶，由于其正电荷和存在膜插入烷基链，从而提高了抗菌活性。本研究有效地证明了基于聚（N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-N-[3(二甲基氨基)丙基]甲基丙烯酰胺）（P（NIPAM-DMAPMA））的纳米凝胶涂层具有抗污染行为，可抵抗 ATCC 12600，一种革兰氏阳性菌。通过 DMAPMA 共聚单体中的叔胺，纳米凝胶通过 N-烷基化反应与 1-溴代十二烷链季铵化。由于细菌细胞膜结合和脂肪族季铵化合物的插入能力，烷基化引入了抗菌活性。随后，由于脂肪族链的粒子内疏水性相互作用，季铵化纳米凝胶允许形成粒子内疏水性域，从而允许三氯生掺入。与非季铵化纳米凝胶涂层相比，载有三氯生的纳米凝胶涂层在表面上粘附细菌的杀灭效率高达 99.99%，同时仍具有抗污活性。这种用于对抗生物材料相关感染的强大多功能涂层有望极大地影响未来临床应用涂层的设计方法。
