College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Korea.
Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Life Sciences (RILS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
Molecules. 2020 Dec 15;25(24):5932. doi: 10.3390/molecules25245932.
Phytochemicals are known to have anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo, such as in inflammatory disease model systems. Inflammation is an essential immune response to exogenous stimuli such as infection and injury. Although inflammation is a necessary host-defense mechanism, chronic inflammation is associated with the continuous local or systemic release of inflammatory mediators, non-cytokine mediators, such as ROS and NO, and inflammatory cytokines are strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory disorders. Phytochemicals that exhibit anti-inflammatory mechanisms that reduce sustained inflammation could be therapeutic candidates for various inflammatory diseases. These phytochemicals act by modulating several main inflammatory signaling pathways, including NF-κB, MAPKs, STAT, and Nrf-2 signaling. Here, we discuss the characteristics of phytochemicals that possess anti-inflammatory activities in various chronic inflammatory diseases and review the molecular signaling pathways altered by these anti-inflammatory phytochemicals, with a focus on transcription factor pathways. Furthermore, to evaluate the phytochemicals as drug candidates, we translate the effective doses of phytochemicals in mice or rat disease models into the human-relevant equivalent and compare the human-relevant equivalent doses of several phytochemicals with current anti-inflammatory drugs doses used in different types of chronic inflammatory diseases.
植物化学物质已被证实具有抗炎作用，无论是在体外还是体内，例如在炎症性疾病模型系统中。炎症是一种对外源性刺激（如感染和损伤）的必要免疫反应。虽然炎症是宿主防御机制的必要组成部分，但慢性炎症与炎症介质、非细胞因子介质（如 ROS 和 NO）的持续局部或全身释放以及炎症细胞因子持续激活有关，这些都与各种炎症性疾病的发病机制密切相关。具有抗炎机制、能够减轻持续性炎症的植物化学物质可能是各种炎症性疾病的治疗候选药物。这些植物化学物质通过调节几种主要的炎症信号通路，包括 NF-κB、MAPKs、STAT 和 Nrf-2 信号通路来发挥作用。在这里，我们讨论了具有各种慢性炎症性疾病抗炎活性的植物化学物质的特征，并综述了这些抗炎植物化学物质改变的分子信号通路，重点是转录因子通路。此外，为了评估植物化学物质作为候选药物的潜力，我们将植物化学物质在小鼠或大鼠疾病模型中的有效剂量转换为人类等效剂量，并将几种植物化学物质的人类等效剂量与不同类型慢性炎症性疾病中使用的当前抗炎药物剂量进行比较。
