Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
UOC of Internal Medicine, Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Nutrients. 2020 Dec 22;13(1):7. doi: 10.3390/nu13010007.
Gut microbiota changes correlate with health status. Literature data on gut microbiota show that all dietary changes can induce the alteration of gut microbiota composition. Mediterranean diet (MD) is associated with a reduction of all-cause mortality and in this review, we analyzed its interactions with human microbiota. In particular, we explored the modulation of the human microbiota, in response to MD adherence, focusing the attention on polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ω-3 and fiber. Evidences suggest that MD is able to modulate the gut microbiota, increasing its diversity. In fact, a Mediterranean-type dietary pattern is associated with specific gut microbiota characteristics. The available evidence, suggests that gut microbiota of subjects that follow a MD is significantly different from subjects that follow a Western diet model. In fact, the latter show an increased gut permeability, which is responsible for metabolic endotoxemia. For this reason, we can speculate that the gut microbiota of the subjects following a MD is able to prevent the onset of chronic non-communicable degenerative diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and some types of cancer. However, in order to understand these correlations with dietary patterns, controlled intervention studies on the gut microbiota composition and activity are needed.
肠道微生物群的变化与健康状况相关。文献资料表明，所有饮食的改变都可能引起肠道微生物群组成的改变。地中海饮食（Mediterranean diet，MD）与全因死亡率的降低有关，在这篇综述中，我们分析了它与人类微生物群的相互作用。具体来说，我们探讨了人类微生物群对 MD 依从性的调节，重点关注多酚、ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（polyunsaturated fatty acids，PUFA）和纤维。有证据表明，MD 能够调节肠道微生物群，增加其多样性。事实上，地中海式饮食模式与特定的肠道微生物群特征相关。现有的证据表明，遵循 MD 的人群的肠道微生物群与遵循西方饮食模式的人群有显著的不同。事实上，后者表现出增加的肠道通透性，这是导致代谢性内毒素血症的原因。因此，我们可以推测，遵循 MD 的人群的肠道微生物群能够预防慢性非传染性退行性疾病的发生，如心血管疾病和某些类型的癌症。然而，为了了解这些与饮食模式的相关性，需要对肠道微生物群的组成和活性进行对照干预研究。
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