Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
Semin Cancer Biol. 2021 Oct;75:127-135. doi: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.11.022. Epub 2021 Jan 10.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as important players in all aspects of cancer biology. Their function is mediated by their cargo and surface molecules including proteins, lipids, sugars and nucleic acids. RNA in particular is a key mediator of EV function both in normal and cancer cells. This statement is supported by several lines of evidence. First, cells do not always randomly load RNA in EVs, there seems to be a specific manner in which cells populate their EVs with certain RNA molecules. Moreover, cellular uptake of EV-RNA and the secondary compartmentalization of EV-RNA in recipient cells is widely reported, and these RNAs have an impact on all aspects of cancer growth and the anti-tumoral immune response. Additionally, EV-RNA seems to work through various mechanisms of action, highlighting the intricacies of EVs and their RNA cargo as prominent means of inter-cellular communication.
细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 在癌症生物学的各个方面都发挥着重要作用。它们的功能是由其货物和表面分子介导的，包括蛋白质、脂质、糖和核酸。特别是 RNA，在正常细胞和癌细胞中都是 EV 功能的关键介质。这一说法得到了几条证据的支持。首先，细胞并不总是随机将 RNA 装入 EVs 中，细胞似乎有一种特定的方式将某些 RNA 分子填充到 EVs 中。此外，广泛报道了 EV-RNA 的细胞摄取和 EV-RNA 在受体细胞中的二次区室化，并且这些 RNA 对癌症生长和抗肿瘤免疫反应的各个方面都有影响。此外，EV-RNA 似乎通过各种作用机制发挥作用，突出了 EV 及其 RNA 货物作为细胞间通讯的重要手段的复杂性。
