Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840.
Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Jan 12;118(2). doi: 10.1073/pnas.2015657118. Epub 2020 Dec 21.
Reston virus (RESTV), an ebolavirus, causes clinical disease in macaques but has yet only been associated with rare asymptomatic infections in humans. Its 2008 emergence in pigs in the Philippines raised concerns about food safety, pathogenicity, and zoonotic potential, questions that are still unanswered. Until today, the virulence of RESTV for pigs has remained elusive, with unclear pathogenicity in naturally infected animals and only one experimental study demonstrating susceptibility and evidence for shedding but no disease. Here we show that combined oropharyngeal and nasal infection of young (3- to 7-wk-old) Yorkshire cross pigs with RESTV resulted in severe respiratory disease, with most animals reaching humane endpoint within a week. RESTV-infected pigs developed severe cyanosis, tachypnea, and acute interstitial pneumonia, with RESTV shedding from oronasal mucosal membranes. Our studies indicate that RESTV should be considered a livestock pathogen with zoonotic potential.
雷斯顿病毒（RESTV）是埃博拉病毒属的一种病毒，可导致猕猴发病，但仅在人类中发现过罕见的无症状感染。2008 年，该病毒在菲律宾的猪群中出现，引发了人们对食品安全、致病性和人畜共患潜力的担忧，但这些问题至今仍未得到解答。直到今天，RESTV 对猪的毒力仍难以捉摸，自然感染动物的致病性不明确，仅有一项实验研究证明了猪对 RESTV 的易感性和排毒证据，但没有疾病发生。在这里，我们证明了 RESTV 可通过口咽和鼻联合感染年轻（3-7 周龄）约克郡杂交猪，导致严重的呼吸道疾病，大多数动物在一周内达到人道终点。感染 RESTV 的猪出现严重发绀、呼吸急促和急性间质性肺炎，并从口鼻黏膜排出 RESTV。我们的研究表明，RESTV 应被视为一种具有人畜共患潜力的家畜病原体。
