Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2021 Apr;28(2):565-573. doi: 10.3758/s13423-020-01866-w. Epub 2021 Jan 15.
Stimuli that are recognized from a prior encounter elicit larger pupil dilations than those that are not. This study tests an account of this recognition dilation response (RDR) that assumes newly encountered recognition signals, like new percepts, elicit attentional orienting responses. Because orienting is moderated by motivational significance and expectation, the RDR was tested for these properties; manipulating incentives for "old" versus "new" judgments, and isolating the effects of runs of "old" versus "new" decisions on the subsequent RDR, in two experiments. Whereas incentivizing "new" decisions largely eliminated the RDR, incentivizing "old" decisions amplified it. Moreover, the RDR was prominent following runs of "new" decisions, yet minimal following runs of "old" decisions. Thus, the pupil dilates more as recognition memory becomes more valuable and/or unexpected. This recognition-orienting response was functionally separate from an additional, late dilation linked to feedback expectancy. Thus, the pupil separately signals the salience of recognition evidence, and the expectation of post-decision feedback.
先前遇到的刺激会引起比未遇到的刺激更大的瞳孔扩张。这项研究检验了一种对这种识别扩张反应（RDR）的解释，该解释假设新遇到的识别信号，如新感知，会引起注意力定向反应。由于定向受到动机意义和预期的调节，因此对 RDR 进行了这些特性的测试；在两个实验中，操纵“旧”与“新”判断的激励，以及隔离“旧”与“新”决策的连续运行对后续 RDR 的影响。虽然激励“新”决策在很大程度上消除了 RDR，但激励“旧”决策放大了它。此外，在连续做出“新”决策后，RDR 非常明显，而在连续做出“旧”决策后，RDR 则微不足道。因此，随着识别记忆变得更有价值和/或出乎意料，瞳孔扩张得更大。这种识别定向反应与额外的、与反馈预期相关的晚期扩张是功能分离的。因此，瞳孔分别信号识别证据的显著性，以及对决策后反馈的预期。
