Vasudevan Kumar, Stahl Veronica
CannIBite, Mortsel, 2640, Antwerp, Belgium.
J Cannabis Res. 2020 Jun 23;2(1):20. doi: 10.1186/s42238-020-00027-z.
Dental plaque is a global health problem affecting people of various age groups. Cannabinoids are gaining enormous research attention due to its beneficial properties for various applications. A preliminary observation on antimicrobial property of cannabinoids against dental plaque bacteria has been reported recently. As a follow-up research, here we report the in vitro evaluation of cannabinoids infused mouthwash products against total culturable (aerobic) bacterial content from dental plaque samples.
We tested two cannabinoid-infused mouthwash products containing cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG) respectively (each mouthwash containing < 1% cannabinoid by weight) in vitro against total-culturable bacteria from dental plaque samples collected from 72 adults aged between 18 and 83 years. The participants were grouped on the basis of Dutch periodontal screening index (DPSI) score. To compare the efficacy of our products, we included two most commonly available products over the counter (Product A and Product B) to represent commercially available mouthwash products and the gold standard chlorhexidine digluconate 0.2% as a positive control. The product A represents mouthwash containing essential oils and alcohol, and Product B represents alcohol-free mouthwash that contains fluoride. All the mouthwash products were evaluated directly as such without any dilution through disc diffusion and agar well diffusion approaches and the diameter of zone of inhibition was measured. The limitation in methodology was that, the samples were open-label and the person who performed the manual measurements was unblind to test and control products used.
On average, the cannabinoids infused mouthwash products showed the similar bactericidal efficacy as that of chlorhexidine 0.2%. Both chlorhexidine 0.2% and cannabinoids infused mouthwash products were effective against all the samples tested. Product A did not show any significant antimicrobial activity in any of the samples tested, except that a very marginal inhibition with a zone of 7-8 mm was observed only in 9 samples. Product B did not show any detectable inhibition zone at all in any of the samples tested. The ranges of zones of inhibition (and their average) were 8-25 mm (18.1 mm) for CBD-mouthwash, 8-25 mm (17.7 mm) for CBG-mouthwash; 12-25 mm (16.8 mm) for chlorhexidine 0.2%; 0-8 mm (0.1 mm) for Product A; and 0 mm for Product B. Although the difference in performance was slightly higher than chlorhexidine in both the cases, the difference was statistically significant for CBD-mouthwash and near significant for CBG-mouthwash. No significant difference was observed between CBD- and CBG-mouthwash. No significant difference in performance was found between DPSI score groups for any of the product tested. To our knowledge this is the first report on such efficient mouthwash product with natural key ingredients including cannabinoids and without any kind of fluoride or alcohol.
Our in vitro results demonstrate the potential of cannabinoids in developing efficient and safer mouthwash products and next generation oral care products without fluoride and alcohol.
牙菌斑是一个影响各年龄段人群的全球性健康问题。大麻素因其在各种应用中的有益特性而受到广泛的研究关注。最近有报道称对大麻素对牙菌斑细菌的抗菌特性进行了初步观察。作为后续研究，在此我们报告含大麻素漱口水产品对牙菌斑样本中可培养（需氧）细菌总量的体外评估。
我们在体外测试了两种分别含有大麻二酚（CBD）和大麻萜酚（CBG）的含大麻素漱口水产品（每种漱口水按重量计含大麻素<1%），针对从72名年龄在18至83岁的成年人收集的牙菌斑样本中的可培养细菌。参与者根据荷兰牙周筛查指数（DPSI）评分进行分组。为比较我们产品的功效，我们纳入了两种最常见的非处方产品（产品A和产品B）以代表市售漱口水产品，并将0.2%葡萄糖酸洗必泰作为阳性对照。产品A代表含精油和酒精的漱口水，产品B代表不含酒精且含氟的漱口水。所有漱口水产品均直接原样进行评估，不进行任何稀释，通过纸片扩散法和琼脂孔扩散法进行测试，并测量抑菌圈直径。该方法的局限性在于，样本为开放标签，进行手动测量的人员对所使用的测试和对照产品不设盲。
平均而言，含大麻素漱口水产品显示出与0.2%洗必泰相似的杀菌效果。0.2%洗必泰和含大麻素漱口水产品对所有测试样本均有效。产品A在任何测试样本中均未显示出任何显著的抗菌活性，仅在9个样本中观察到非常微弱的抑制作用，抑菌圈为7 - 8毫米。产品B在任何测试样本中均未显示出任何可检测到的抑菌圈。CBD漱口水的抑菌圈范围（及其平均值）为8 - 25毫米（18.1毫米），CBG漱口水为8 - 25毫米（17.7毫米）；0.2%洗必泰为12 - 25毫米（16.8毫米）；产品A为0 - 8毫米（0.1毫米）；产品B为0毫米。尽管在两种情况下性能差异略高于洗必泰，但CBD漱口水的差异具有统计学意义，CBG漱口水接近显著。CBD漱口水和CBG漱口水之间未观察到显著差异。对于任何测试产品，在DPSI评分组之间未发现性能上的显著差异。据我们所知，这是关于这种含天然关键成分（包括大麻素）且不含任何氟化物或酒精的高效漱口水产品的首份报告。
我们的体外研究结果表明大麻素在开发高效、更安全的漱口水产品以及不含氟化物和酒精的下一代口腔护理产品方面具有潜力。
