Department of Molecular Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Charles University, Plzen, Czech Republic.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2021 Mar 18;65(4). doi: 10.1128/AAC.02122-20.
In 2003 to 2004, the first five VIM-2 metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing (MPPA) isolates with an In4-like integron, In461 (--), on conjugative plasmids were identified in three hospitals in Poland. In 2005 to 2015, MPPA expanded much in the country, and as many as 80 isolates in a collection of 454 MPPA (∼18%) had In461, one of the two most common MBL-encoding integrons. The organisms occurred in 49 hospitals in 33 cities of 11/16 main administrative regions. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) classified them into 55 pulsotypes and 35 sequence types (STs), respectively, revealing their remarkable genetic diversity overall, with only a few small clonal clusters. S1 nuclease/hybridization assays and mating of 63 representative isolates showed that ∼85% of these had large In461-carrying plasmids, ∼350 to 550 kb, usually self-transmitting with high efficiency (∼10 to 10 per donor cell). The plasmids from 19 isolates were sequenced and subjected to structural and single-nucleotide-polymorphism (SNP)-based phylogenetic analysis. These formed a subgroup within a family of IncP-2-type megaplasmids, observed worldwide in pseudomonads from various environments and conferring resistance/tolerance to multiple stress factors, including antibiotics. Their microdiversity in Poland arose mainly from acquisition of different accessory fragments, as well as new resistance genes and multiplication of these. Short-read sequence and/or PCR mapping confirmed the In461-carrying plasmids in the remaining isolates to be the IncP-2 types. The study demonstrated a large-scale epidemic spread of multidrug resistance plasmids in populations, creating an epidemiological threat. It contributes to the knowledge on IncP-2 types, which are interesting research objects in resistance epidemiology, environmental microbiology, and biotechnology.
2003 年至 2004 年，波兰的三家医院鉴定出了 5 株首代携带 In4 样整合子 In461(--)的 VIM-2 金属β-内酰胺酶（MBL）产生菌（MPPA），它们均为可接合型质粒。2005 年至 2015 年，MPPA 在该国迅速蔓延，在收集的 454 株 MPPA（约 18%）中，有 80 株含有两种最常见的 MBL 编码整合子之一的 In461。这些病原体出现在 11 个行政区中的 33 个城市的 49 家医院中。脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）和多位点序列分型（MLST）将其分别分类为 55 种脉冲型和 35 种序列型（ST），这表明它们具有显著的遗传多样性，仅有少数小型克隆簇。S1 核酸酶/杂交试验和 63 株代表性分离株的交配表明，约 85%的菌株带有大型 In461 质粒，大小约为 350 至 550kb，通常能够高效地自我传递（每个供体细胞约 10 至 10 个）。对 19 株分离株的质粒进行测序，并进行结构和单核苷酸多态性（SNP）基于系统发育分析。这些质粒构成了 IncP-2 型大型质粒家族中的一个亚群，在来自不同环境的假单胞菌中观察到世界各地都存在，它们赋予了对多种应激因素的抗性/耐受性，包括抗生素。波兰的微多样性主要来自于获得不同的辅助片段，以及新的抗性基因和这些基因的倍增。短读序列和/或 PCR 图谱证实，剩余分离株中的 In461 质粒为 IncP-2 型。该研究证明了多药耐药性质粒在人群中的大规模流行传播，造成了流行病学威胁。它丰富了 IncP-2 型的知识，该类型质粒在耐药性流行病学、环境微生物学和生物技术方面都是有趣的研究对象。
