Section of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134, Verona, Italy.
Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.
BMC Pulm Med. 2021 Feb 8;21(1):53. doi: 10.1186/s12890-020-01364-8.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has been reported to be significantly associated with chronic rhinosinusitis, but the strength of the association is still debated.
To evaluate the strength of the association between gastritis/GERD and non-allergic rhinitis (NAR)/allergic rhinitis (AR)/sinusitis.
We investigated 2887 subjects aged 20-84 years, who underwent a clinical visit in seven Italian centres (Ancona, Palermo, Pavia, Terni, Sassari, Torino, Verona) within the study on Gene Environment Interactions in Respiratory Diseases, a population-based multicase-control study between 2008 and 2014. Subjects were asked if they had doctor-diagnosed "gastritis or stomach ulcer (confirmed by gastroscopy)" or "gastroesophageal reflux disease, hiatal hernia or esophagitis". The association between NAR/AR/sinusitis and either gastritis or GERD was evaluated through relative risk ratios (RRR) by multinomial logistic regression.
The prevalence of gastritis/GERD increased from subjects without nasal disturbances (22.8% = 323/1414) to subjects with AR (25.8% = 152/590) and further to subjects with NAR (36.7% = 69/188) or sinusitis (39.9% = 276/691). When adjusting for centre, sex, age, education level, BMI, smoking habits and alcohol intake, the combination of gastritis and GERD was associated with a four-fold increase in the risk of NAR (RRR = 3.80, 95% CI 2.56-5.62) and sinusitis (RRR = 3.70, 2.62-5.23) with respect to controls, and with a much smaller increase in the risk of AR (RRR = 1.79, 1.37-2.35)..
The study confirmed the association between gastritis/GERD and nasal disturbances, which is stronger for NAR and sinusitis than for AR.
胃食管反流病（GERD）与慢性鼻-鼻窦炎（CRS）显著相关，但这种关联的强度仍存在争议。
评估胃炎/胃食管反流（GERD）与非变应性鼻炎（NAR）/变应性鼻炎（AR）/鼻窦炎之间的关联强度。
我们调查了 2887 名 20-84 岁的受试者，他们在 2008 年至 2014 年期间参加了意大利七个中心（安科纳、巴勒莫、帕维亚、特尔尼、萨萨里、都灵和维罗纳）的基因-环境相互作用在呼吸系统疾病中的临床就诊，这是一项基于人群的多病例对照研究。受试者被问及是否有医生诊断的“胃炎或胃溃疡（经胃镜证实）”或“胃食管反流病、食管裂孔疝或食管炎”。通过多项逻辑回归的相对风险比（RRR）评估 NAR/AR/鼻窦炎与胃炎或 GERD 的关联。
胃炎/GERD 的患病率从无鼻部症状的受试者（22.8%=323/1414）增加到 AR 受试者（25.8%=152/590），进一步增加到 NAR 受试者（36.7%=69/188）或鼻窦炎受试者（39.9%=276/691）。在校正中心、性别、年龄、教育程度、BMI、吸烟习惯和饮酒量后，胃炎和 GERD 的组合与 NAR（RRR=3.80，95%CI 2.56-5.62）和鼻窦炎（RRR=3.70，2.62-5.23）的风险增加了四倍，与对照组相比，而 AR 的风险增加幅度较小（RRR=1.79，1.37-2.35）。
该研究证实了胃炎/胃食管反流与鼻部症状之间的关联，与 AR 相比，这种关联在 NAR 和鼻窦炎中更强。
