Imran Saim, Ahmadi Soha, Kerman Kagan
Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.
Micromachines (Basel). 2021 Feb 10;12(2):174. doi: 10.3390/mi12020174.
The last few decades have been plagued by viral outbreaks that present some of the biggest challenges to public safety. The current coronavirus (COVID-19) disease pandemic has exponentiated these concerns. Increased research on diagnostic tools is currently being implemented in order to assist with rapid identification of the virus, as mass diagnosis and containment is the best way to prevent the outbreak of the virus. Accordingly, there is a growing urgency to establish a point-of-care device for the rapid detection of coronavirus to prevent subsequent spread. This device needs to be sensitive, selective, and exhibit rapid diagnostic capabilities. Electrochemical biosensors have demonstrated these traits and, hence, serve as promising candidates for the detection of viruses. This review summarizes the designs and features of electrochemical biosensors developed for some past and current pandemic or epidemic viruses, including influenza, HIV, Ebola, and Zika. Alongside the design, this review also discusses the detection principles, fabrication techniques, and applications of the biosensors. Finally, research and perspective of biosensors as potential detection tools for the rapid identification of SARS-CoV-2 is discussed.
过去几十年间，病毒爆发一直困扰着人们，给公共安全带来了一些最大的挑战。当前的冠状病毒（COVID-19）大流行更是加剧了这些担忧。目前正在加大对诊断工具的研究力度，以协助快速识别病毒，因为大规模诊断和控制是预防病毒爆发的最佳方式。因此，建立一种用于快速检测冠状病毒以防止后续传播的即时检测设备的紧迫性日益增加。这种设备需要灵敏、有选择性，并具备快速诊断能力。电化学生物传感器已展现出这些特性，因此有望成为检测病毒的候选技术。本文综述了为过去和当前一些大流行或流行病毒（包括流感、艾滋病毒、埃博拉病毒和寨卡病毒）开发的电化学生物传感器的设计和特点。除了设计，本文还讨论了生物传感器的检测原理、制造技术和应用。最后，探讨了生物传感器作为快速识别SARS-CoV-2潜在检测工具的研究和前景。
