Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
PLoS One. 2021 Mar 24;16(3):e0248754. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248754. eCollection 2021.
Gestational iron deficiency (ID) can be deleterious to mother and fetus. However, iron status is not routinely measured during pregnancy in Ghana. Therefore, the scope of ID in this population is unknown.
To determine the prevalence of anemia and ID across pregnancy in the Central Region of Ghana.
Women were recruited during their 1st trimester of pregnancy (< 13 weeks; n = 116) and followed through to their 2nd (n = 71) and 3rd (n = 71) trimesters. Data on socio-demographic variables, weekly intake of iron-rich foods and vitamin C-rich fruits were collected. Blood samples were drawn and the concentrations of hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin (Ft), serum iron (sFe), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), were measured; transferrin saturation (TSAT) was calculated. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine change in anemia and iron variables over time with groups categorized by 1st trimester iron status.
Participants were 27.1 ± 5.2 years, on average. Prevalence of anemia (Hb <11.0 g/dL) was 37%, 63%, 58%; ID (Ft <15 μg/L) was 16%, 20%, 38%; and iron deficiency anemia (IDA; based on low Ft and Hb) was 6%, 12%, 25% in 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters, respectively. Significant changes in Hb, Ft and TIBC occurred across time. Iron status at 1st trimester had a significant effect on 2nd but not 3rd trimester iron status.
ID is prevalent in pregnant Ghanaian women, especially during the 3rd trimester. Anemia is a major public health problem during pregnancy in Ghana with a significant proportion due to factors other than ID.
妊娠期缺铁（ID）可能对母亲和胎儿造成损害。然而，加纳在怀孕期间并未常规测量铁状况。因此，该人群中 ID 的范围尚不清楚。
确定加纳中部地区妊娠各期贫血和 ID 的患病率。
在妊娠 1 期（<13 周；n=116）招募女性，并随访至妊娠 2 期（n=71）和 3 期（n=71）。收集社会人口统计学变量、每周摄入富含铁的食物和富含维生素 C 的水果的数据。采集血样，测量血红蛋白（Hb）、铁蛋白（Ft）、血清铁（sFe）、总铁结合能力（TIBC）的浓度；计算转铁蛋白饱和度（TSAT）。使用重复测量方差分析来确定随着第 1 期铁状况的分组，贫血和铁变量随时间的变化。
参与者的平均年龄为 27.1±5.2 岁。贫血（Hb<11.0 g/dL）的患病率为 37%、63%、58%；ID（Ft<15 μg/L）为 16%、20%、38%；以及铁缺乏性贫血（IDA；基于低 Ft 和 Hb）分别为 6%、12%、25%，在第 1、2 和 3 孕期。Hb、Ft 和 TIBC 随时间显著变化。第 1 孕期的铁状况对第 2 孕期铁状况有显著影响，但对第 3 孕期铁状况无显著影响。
加纳孕妇 ID 较为常见，尤其是在第 3 孕期。贫血是加纳妊娠期间的一个主要公共卫生问题，其中相当一部分是由于 ID 以外的因素引起的。
