Bloch Khalida, Pardesi Karishma, Satriano Cristina, Ghosh Sougata
Department of Microbiology, School of Science, RK University, Rajkot, India.
Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India.
Front Chem. 2021 Mar 5;9:624344. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2021.624344. eCollection 2021.
Nanoscale materials have recently gained wide attention due to their potential to revolutionize many technologies and industrial sectors, including information technology, homeland security, transportation, energy, food safety, environmental science, catalysis, photonics and medicine. Among various nanoparticles, platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) are widely used for biomedical applications, including imaging, implants, photothermal therapy and drug delivery. Indeed, PtNPs possesses intrinsic antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Also, due to their remarkable catalytic activity, they are able to reduce the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and impair the downstream pathways leading to inflammation. Various approaches, including both physical and chemical methods, are currently employed for synthesis of PtNPs. However, the use of hazardous reaction conditions and toxic chemicals in these processes poses a potential threat to the environment and severely compromise the biocompatibility of the nanoparticles. Hereby, increasing need for exploitation of novel routes for synthesis of PtNPs has led to development of biological fabrication using microbes, specifically bacteria. Herein, we present a most comprehensive report on biogenesis of PtNPs by several bacteria like , etc. An overview of the underlying mechanisms of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic methods of synthesis is included. Moreover, this review highlights the scope of developing optimized process to control the physicochemical properties, such as the nanoparticle surface chemistry, charge, size and shape, which, in turn, may affect their nanotoxicity and response at the biointerface for nanomedicine applications.
纳米材料因其有望变革包括信息技术、国土安全、交通运输、能源、食品安全、环境科学、催化、光子学和医学在内的许多技术和工业领域而受到广泛关注。在各种纳米颗粒中，铂纳米颗粒（PtNPs）被广泛用于生物医学应用，包括成像、植入物、光热疗法和药物递送。事实上，PtNPs具有固有的抗菌、抗氧化和抗癌特性。此外，由于其显著的催化活性，它们能够降低细胞内活性氧（ROS）水平，并损害导致炎症的下游通路。目前，包括物理和化学方法在内的各种方法被用于合成PtNPs。然而，在这些过程中使用危险的反应条件和有毒化学物质对环境构成了潜在威胁，并严重损害了纳米颗粒的生物相容性。因此，对开发合成PtNPs新途径的需求日益增加，促使人们利用微生物，特别是细菌进行生物制造。在此，我们展示了关于几种细菌（如 等）生物合成PtNPs的最全面报告。其中包括了合成的酶促和非酶促方法的潜在机制概述。此外，本综述强调了开发优化工艺以控制物理化学性质（如纳米颗粒表面化学、电荷、大小和形状）的范围，这些性质反过来可能会影响它们的纳米毒性以及在生物医学应用的生物界面处的反应。
