Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (Open University of Catalonia, UOC), 08018 Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Psychology and Education, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (Open University of Catalonia, UOC), 08018 Barcelona, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 3;18(5):2499. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18052499.
Two aspects that characterize the Mediterranean diet (MD) are "what" and "how" we eat. Conviviality relates to "how" we eat and to the pleasure of sharing meals with significant people. The most studied concept is "family meals", which includes conviviality, which involves "enjoying" family meals. Given the lack of research on convivial family meals in Mediterranean countries, the purpose of this qualitative study was to analyze the family meal representations and practices of families with 12- to 16-year-old adolescents to assess whether they responded to a pattern of conviviality, and to examine their association with MD adherence. Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted and food frequency and family meal questionnaires were administered. A food pattern analysis was carried out and digital photos of meals were analyzed to examine eating habits and meal composition, respectively. The findings showed that parents believed family meals are a space for socialization and communication. Items relating to the conviviality of family meals identified in the study were meal frequency, meals at the table, lack of digital distractions, pleasant conversations, and time spent on family meals. Attention should be paid to conviviality in Mediterranean families when designing multi-approach strategies to promote healthy eating among adolescents.
地中海饮食（Mediterranean diet，MD）有两个特点，一是“吃什么”，二是“怎么吃”。社交性与“怎么吃”和与重要的人一起用餐的乐趣有关。研究最多的概念是“家庭用餐”，它包括社交性，涉及“享受”家庭用餐。鉴于地中海国家对社交性家庭用餐的研究较少，本定性研究的目的是分析 12 至 16 岁青少年家庭的家庭用餐观念和实践，以评估其是否符合社交性模式，并研究其与 MD 依从性的关系。本研究进行了 12 次半结构化访谈，并进行了食物频率和家庭用餐问卷评估。进行了食物模式分析，并分析了膳食的数字照片，分别检查饮食习惯和膳食构成。研究结果表明，家长认为家庭用餐是社交和交流的空间。研究中确定的与家庭用餐社交性相关的项目包括用餐频率、在餐桌旁用餐、没有数字干扰、愉快的交谈以及花在家庭用餐上的时间。在设计促进青少年健康饮食的多方法策略时，应关注地中海家庭的社交性。
