Humboldt-Dachroeden Sarah, Mantovani Alberto
Department of Social Science and Business, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
Department on Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Italian National Institute of Health (ISS), 00161 Roma, Italy.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2021 Mar 5;57(3):240. doi: 10.3390/medicina57030240.
One Health is a comprehensive and multisectoral approach to assess and examine the health of animals, humans and the environment. However, while the One Health approach gains increasing momentum, its practical application meets hindrances. This paper investigates the environmental pillar of the One Health approach, using two case studies to highlight the integration of environmental considerations. The first case study pertains to the Danish monitoring and surveillance programme for antimicrobial resistance, DANMAP. The second case illustrates the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk in dairy-producing ruminants in Italian regions. A scientific literature search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science to locate articles informing the two cases. Grey literature was gathered to describe the cases as well as their contexts. 19 articles and 10 reports were reviewed and informed the two cases. The cases show how the environmental component influences the apparent impacts for human and animal health. The DANMAP highlights the two approaches One Health and farm to fork. The literature provides information on the comprehensiveness of the DANMAP, but highlights some shortcomings in terms of environmental considerations. The AFM1 case, the milk metabolite of the carcinogenic mycotoxin aflatoxin B1, shows that dairy products are heavily impacted by changes of the climate as well as by economic drivers. The two cases show that environmental conditions directly influence the onset and diffusion of hazardous factors. Climate change, treatment of soils, water and standards in slaughterhouses as well as farms can have a great impact on the health of animals, humans and the environment. Hence, it is important to include environmental considerations, for example, via engaging environmental experts and sharing data. Further case studies will help to better define the roles of environment in One Health scenarios.
“同一健康”是一种全面的多部门方法，用于评估和审视动物、人类和环境的健康状况。然而，尽管“同一健康”方法的势头日益强劲，但其实际应用却遇到了阻碍。本文通过两个案例研究来突出环境因素的整合，从而探讨“同一健康”方法中的环境支柱。第一个案例研究涉及丹麦的抗菌药物耐药性监测与监督计划DANMAP。第二个案例说明了意大利各地区奶牛养殖中牛奶中黄曲霉毒素M1（AFM1）的出现情况。我们在PubMed和Web of Science上进行了科学文献检索，以查找为这两个案例提供信息的文章。收集了灰色文献来描述案例及其背景。共审查了19篇文章和10份报告，并为这两个案例提供了参考。这些案例展示了环境因素如何影响对人类和动物健康的明显影响。DANMAP突出了“同一健康”和“从农场到餐桌”这两种方法。文献提供了有关DANMAP全面性的信息，但也突出了在环境考虑方面的一些不足。AFM1案例中，致癌霉菌毒素黄曲霉毒素B1的牛奶代谢产物表明，乳制品受到气候变化以及经济驱动因素的严重影响。这两个案例表明，环境条件直接影响危险因素的发生和扩散。气候变化、土壤处理、水以及屠宰场和农场的标准都会对动物、人类和环境的健康产生重大影响。因此，通过聘请环境专家和共享数据等方式纳入环境考虑因素非常重要。进一步的案例研究将有助于更好地界定环境在“同一健康”情景中的作用。
