Sun Yuzhe, Davis Edward
Materials Engineering Program, Mechanical Engineering Department, Auburn University, 101 Wilmore Drive, Auburn, AL 36830, USA.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2021 Mar 16;11(3):746. doi: 10.3390/nano11030746.
To achieve the promise of stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems for the treatment of cancer, they should (1) avoid premature clearance; (2) accumulate in tumors and undergo endocytosis by cancer cells; and (3) exhibit appropriate stimuli-responsive release of the payload. It is challenging to address all of these requirements simultaneously. However, the numerous proof-of-concept studies addressing one or more of these requirements reported every year have dramatically expanded the toolbox available for the design of drug delivery systems. This review highlights recent advances in the targeting and stimuli-responsiveness of drug delivery systems. It begins with a discussion of nanocarrier types and an overview of the factors influencing nanocarrier biodistribution. On-demand release strategies and their application to each type of nanocarrier are reviewed, including both endogenous and exogenous stimuli. Recent developments in stimuli-responsive targeting strategies are also discussed. The remaining challenges and prospective solutions in the field are discussed throughout the review, which is intended to assist researchers in overcoming interdisciplinary knowledge barriers and increase the speed of development. This review presents a nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems toolbox that enables the application of techniques across platforms and inspires researchers with interdisciplinary information to boost the development of multifunctional therapeutic nanoplatforms for cancer therapy.
为实现刺激响应型药物递送系统在癌症治疗方面的前景，这些系统应：（1）避免过早清除；（2）在肿瘤中蓄积并被癌细胞内吞；（3）实现有效载荷的适当刺激响应释放。同时满足所有这些要求具有挑战性。然而，每年报道的针对其中一项或多项要求的众多概念验证研究极大地扩展了可用于药物递送系统设计的工具库。本综述重点介绍了药物递送系统在靶向性和刺激响应性方面的最新进展。首先讨论了纳米载体类型以及影响纳米载体生物分布的因素。综述了按需释放策略及其在每种纳米载体类型中的应用，包括内源性和外源性刺激。还讨论了刺激响应靶向策略的最新进展。在整个综述过程中讨论了该领域尚存的挑战和潜在解决方案，旨在帮助研究人员克服跨学科知识障碍并加快开发速度。本综述展示了一个基于纳米载体的药物递送系统工具库，该工具库能够跨平台应用技术，并通过跨学科信息激励研究人员推动用于癌症治疗的多功能治疗性纳米平台的开发。
