Wilke Jan, Hollander Karsten, Mohr Lisa, Edouard Pascal, Fossati Chiara, González-Gross Marcela, Sánchez Ramírez Celso, Laiño Fernando, Tan Benedict, Pillay Julian David, Pigozzi Fabio, Jimenez-Pavon David, Sattler Matteo C, Jaunig Johannes, Zhang Mandy, van Poppel Mireille, Heidt Christoph, Willwacher Steffen, Vogt Lutz, Verhagen Evert, Hespanhol Luiz, Tenforde Adam S
Department of Sports Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
Faculty of Medicine, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2021 Mar 26;8:578959. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.578959. eCollection 2021.
Most countries affected by the COVID-19 pandemic have repeatedly restricted public life to control the contagion. However, the health impact of confinement measures is hitherto unclear. We performed a multinational survey investigating changes in mental and physical well-being (MWB/PWB) during the first wave of the pandemic. A total of 14,975 individuals from 14 countries provided valid responses. Compared to pre-restrictions, MWB, as measured by the WHO-5 questionnaire, decreased considerably during restrictions (68.1 ± 16.9 to 51.9 ± 21.0 points). Whereas 14.2% of the participants met the cutoff for depression screening pre-restrictions, this share tripled to 45.2% during restrictions. Factors associated with clinically relevant decreases in MWB were female sex (odds ratio/OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.11-1.29), high physical activity levels pre-restrictions (OR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.16-1.42), decreased vigorous physical activity during restrictions (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.05-1.23), and working (partially) outside the home vs. working remotely (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.16-1.44/OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.23-1.47). Reductions, although smaller, were also seen for PWB. Scores in the SF-36 bodily pain subscale decreased from 85.8 ± 18.7% pre-restrictions to 81.3 ± 21.9% during restrictions. Clinically relevant decrements of PWB were associated with female sex (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.50-1.75), high levels of public life restrictions (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.18-1.36), and young age (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.03-1.19). Study findings suggest lockdowns instituted during the COVID-19 pandemic may have had substantial adverse public health effects. The development of interventions mitigating losses in MWB and PWB is, thus, paramount when preparing for forthcoming waves of COVID-19 or future public life restrictions.
受新冠疫情影响的大多数国家都多次限制公共生活以控制疫情传播。然而，目前尚不清楚限制措施对健康的影响。我们开展了一项跨国调查，研究疫情第一波期间人们心理和身体健康（MWB/PWB）的变化情况。来自14个国家的14975人提供了有效回复。与限制措施实施前相比，根据WHO-5问卷测量，MWB在限制措施实施期间大幅下降（从68.1±16.9分降至51.9±21.0分）。在限制措施实施前，14.2%的参与者达到抑郁症筛查临界值，而在限制措施实施期间，这一比例增至45.2%，增加了两倍。与MWB出现临床相关下降有关的因素包括女性（优势比/OR = 1.20，95%置信区间：1.11 - 1.29）、限制措施实施前体育活动水平较高（OR = 1.29，95%置信区间1.16 - 1.42）、限制措施实施期间剧烈体育活动减少（OR = 1.14，95%置信区间：1.05 - 1.23），以及在户外（部分）工作与远程工作相比（OR = 1.29，95%置信区间：1.16 - 1.44/OR = 1.35，95%置信区间：1.23 - 1.47）。PWB也出现了下降，不过降幅较小。SF-36身体疼痛子量表的得分从限制措施实施前的85.8±18.7%降至限制措施实施期间的81.3±21.9%。PWB出现临床相关下降与女性（OR = 1.62，95%置信区间：1.50 - 1.75）、公共生活限制程度高（OR = 1.26，95%置信区间：1.18 - 1.36）以及年轻（OR = 1.10，95%置信区间：1.03 - 1.19）有关。研究结果表明，新冠疫情期间实施的封锁措施可能对公众健康产生了重大不利影响。因此，在为新冠疫情的后续波次或未来公共生活限制做准备时，制定减轻MWB和PWB损失的干预措施至关重要。
