Department of Physics and Center for NanoScience LMU Munich Amalienstr. 54 Munich 80799 Germany.
Department für Chemie Universität zu Köln Greinstraße 4-6 Köln 50939 Germany.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2021 Feb 15;8(7):2002682. doi: 10.1002/advs.202002682. eCollection 2021 Apr.
Iron oxide nanoparticles have tremendous scientific and technological potential in a broad range of technologies, from energy applications to biomedicine. To improve their performance, single-crystalline and defect-free nanoparticles have thus far been aspired. However, in several recent studies, defect-rich nanoparticles outperform their defect-free counterparts in magnetic hyperthermia and magnetic particle imaging (MPI). Here, an overview on the state-of-the-art of design and characterization of defects and resulting spin disorder in magnetic nanoparticles is presented with a focus on iron oxide nanoparticles. The beneficial impact of defects and disorder on intracellular magnetic hyperthermia performance of magnetic nanoparticles for drug delivery and cancer therapy is emphasized. Defect-engineering in iron oxide nanoparticles emerges to become an alternative approach to tailor their magnetic properties for biomedicine, as it is already common practice in established systems such as semiconductors and emerging fields including perovskite solar cells. Finally, perspectives and thoughts are given on how to deliberately induce defects in iron oxide nanoparticles and their potential implications for magnetic tracers to monitor cell therapy and immunotherapy by MPI.
氧化铁纳米粒子在从能源应用到生物医学等广泛的技术领域具有巨大的科学和技术潜力。为了提高它们的性能，迄今为止，人们一直渴望获得单晶和无缺陷的纳米粒子。然而，在最近的几项研究中，富含缺陷的纳米粒子在磁热疗和磁性粒子成像（MPI）方面优于无缺陷的纳米粒子。本文综述了磁性纳米粒子中缺陷和由此产生的自旋无序的设计和特性的最新进展，重点介绍了氧化铁纳米粒子。强调了缺陷和无序对用于药物输送和癌症治疗的磁性纳米粒子的细胞内磁热疗性能的有益影响。氧化铁纳米粒子的缺陷工程正在成为一种用于调整其生物医学磁性特性的替代方法，因为它在半导体等已建立的系统以及包括钙钛矿太阳能电池在内的新兴领域中已经是常见做法。最后，就如何有意诱导氧化铁纳米粒子中的缺陷以及它们对通过 MPI 监测细胞治疗和免疫治疗的磁性示踪剂的潜在影响提出了一些观点和思考。
