J Sport Rehabil. 2021 Apr 20;30(7):1019-1027. doi: 10.1123/jsr.2020-0376.
Few reports have analyzed the effects of neuromuscular (NM) training programs on the injury incidence among youth female track-and-field athletes.
To determine the effects of NM training on reducing lower limb injury incidence and to establish its effects on countermovement jump performance, balance, 30-m sprint, and joint position sense in youth female track-and-field athletes.
Single-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial.
Sports research laboratory.
Twenty-two female athletes were allocated into 2 groups: Conventional (CONV) training (n = 11; age = 15.3 [2.1] y) and NM training (n = 11; age = 15.0 [2.7] y).
Interventions were performed during the preseason of 6 weeks. The CONV training included anaerobic, strength, and aerobic training. The NM training consisted of a multicomponent program that integrated jumps, landings, and running with strength, endurance, agility, balance, and CORE training.
A follow-up of the cohorts was carried out through the evaluation of lower limb injuries (main outcome) during a regular season (weeks 7-18). Secondary outcomes were measured before and after the intervention: Y-balance test, active joint repositioning, ground reaction force, and countermovement jump height.
The injury incidence rate was 17.89 injuries per 1000 hours athlete-exposure in CONV training, and 6.58 in NM training (relative risk = 0.38; 95% confidence interval, 0.18 to 0.82; P = .044). Particularly, the medial tibial stress syndrome incidence rate was 5.96 injuries per 1000 hours athlete-exposure in CONV training and 0.82 in NM training (relative risk = 0.17; 95% confidence interval, 0.02 to 1.12; P = .012). In addition, a significant training × time interaction was noted, favoring improvements in 30-m sprint and countermovement jump height after NM.
The NM training may improve youth female athlete's physical fitness and reduce their injury relative risk of medial tibial stress syndrome injury.
很少有报道分析神经肌肉（NM）训练计划对青年女性田径运动员受伤发生率的影响。
确定 NM 训练对降低下肢损伤发生率的影响，并确定其对青年女性田径运动员的反跳性能、平衡、30 米冲刺和关节位置感的影响。
单盲、随机对照临床试验。
运动研究实验室。
22 名女运动员被分配到 2 组：常规（CONV）训练（n = 11；年龄 = 15.3 [2.1] 岁）和 NM 训练（n = 11；年龄 = 15.0 [2.7] 岁）。
干预在 6 周的预备赛季进行。CONV 训练包括无氧、力量和有氧训练。NM 训练由一个多组分方案组成，该方案将跳跃、着陆和跑步与力量、耐力、敏捷性、平衡和核心训练相结合。
通过对常规赛季（第 7-18 周）期间下肢损伤（主要结果）的评估，对队列进行了随访。干预前后测量了次要结果：Y 平衡测试、主动关节复位、地面反作用力和反跳高度。
CONV 训练中的损伤发生率为每 1000 小时运动员暴露 17.89 次损伤，NM 训练中的损伤发生率为每 1000 小时运动员暴露 6.58 次损伤（相对风险 = 0.38；95%置信区间，0.18 至 0.82；P =.044）。特别是，CONV 训练中胫骨内侧压力综合征的发生率为每 1000 小时运动员暴露 5.96 次损伤，NM 训练中的发生率为每 1000 小时运动员暴露 0.82 次损伤（相对风险 = 0.17；95%置信区间，0.02 至 1.12；P =.012）。此外，还观察到训练×时间的交互作用，有利于 NM 后 30 米冲刺和反跳高度的提高。
NM 训练可以提高青年女性运动员的身体素质，降低胫骨内侧压力综合征损伤的相对风险。
