Saeed Farhan, Sultan M Tauseef, Riaz Ayesha, Ahmed Sagheer, Bigiu Nicusor, Amarowicz Ryszard, Manea Rosana
Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, BZU, Multan 60800, Pakistan.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Apr 8;10(4):730. doi: 10.3390/plants10040730.
Natural products are gaining clinical significance in modern day health care systems to prevent diseases. Bitter melon, a health promoting vegetable, is traditionally used for medical nutrition therapy to cure diabetes but to reap maximum health claims, vigilant control of its substances in diet is crucial as part of curative action for effective diabetes management. In the present research, first phase focused on detection of key bioactive components, i.e., charantin and vicine in different parts of its fruit. In the second phase, normal and hyperglycemic Sprague Dawley rats were fed on skin, flesh and whole fruit of bitter melon at 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight and assessed for diabetes prophylaxis and treatment. The highest amount of charantin (0.16 ± 0.02 mg/g) was recorded in flesh while vicine was present in abundance in whole fruit (0.21 ± 0.01 μg/100 g). In normal rats, bitter melon supplementation was helpful in managing the onset of diabetes. Hyperglycemic rats showed diabetic complications including polydipsia, polyuria, glycosuria, renal hypertrophy and increased glomerular filtration rate. However, bitter melon consumption showed significant improvements in these parameters. The most potent dose was 300 mg/kg whole fruit that resulted in 31.64% lowering of blood glucose level and 27.35% increase in insulin level in hyperglycemic rats.
天然产物在现代医疗保健系统中对于预防疾病正变得具有临床意义。苦瓜，一种有益健康的蔬菜，传统上用于医学营养疗法来治疗糖尿病，但为了获得最大的健康益处，作为糖尿病有效管理治疗行动的一部分，严格控制其在饮食中的含量至关重要。在本研究中，第一阶段着重于检测其果实不同部位的关键生物活性成分，即苦瓜素和葫芦素。在第二阶段，将正常和高血糖的斯普拉格-道利大鼠分别以150和300毫克/千克体重的剂量喂食苦瓜的果皮、果肉和整个果实，并评估其对糖尿病的预防和治疗效果。果肉中苦瓜素的含量最高（0.16±0.02毫克/克），而整个果实中葫芦素含量丰富（0.21±0.01微克/100克）。在正常大鼠中，补充苦瓜有助于控制糖尿病的发病。高血糖大鼠出现了包括多饮、多尿、糖尿、肾肥大和肾小球滤过率增加等糖尿病并发症。然而，食用苦瓜后这些参数有显著改善。最有效的剂量是300毫克/千克整个果实，这使得高血糖大鼠的血糖水平降低了31.64%，胰岛素水平提高了27.35%。
