Rahim Nur Amira, Jantan Ibrahim, Said Mazlina Mohd, Jalil Juriyati, Abd Razak Amirul Faiz, Husain Khairana
Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia.
Front Pharmacol. 2021 Apr 13;12:660083. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.660083. eCollection 2021.
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common inflammatory condition of the nasal mucosa and it is an immunoglobulin E-mediated disease. The incidence and prevalence of AR globally have been escalating over recent years. Antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids, decongestants, intranasal anticholinergics, intranasal cromolyn, leukotriene receptor antagonists and immunotherapy have been used in the treatment of AR. However, there is a need to search for more effective and safer remedies as many of the current treatments have reported side effects. Medicinal plants have been used traditionally to relief symptoms of AR but their efficacy and safety have not been scientifically proven. In this review, up-to-date reports of studies on the anti-allergic rhinitis of several medicinal plants and their bioactive metabolites through suppression of the immune system are compiled and critically analyzed. The plant samples were reported to suppress the productions of immunoglobulin E, cytokines and eosinophils and inhibit histamine release. The suppression of cytokines production was found to be the main mechanistic effect of the plants to give symptomatic relief. The prospect of these medicinal plants as sources of lead molecules for development of therapeutic agents to treat AR is highlighted. Several bioactive metabolites of the plants including shikonin, okicamelliaside, warifteine, methylwarifteine, luteolin-7--rutinoside, tussilagone, petasin, and mangiferin have been identified as potential candidates for development into anti-allergic rhinitis agents. The data collection was mainly from English language articles published in journals, or studies from EBSCOHOST, Medline and Ovid, Scopus, Springer, and Google Scholar databases from the year 1985-2020. The terms or keywords used to find relevant studies were allergic rhinitis OR pollinosis OR hay fever, AND medicinal plant OR single plant OR single herb OR phytotherapy. This comprehensive review serves as a useful resource for medicinal plants with anti-allergic rhinitis potential, understanding the underlying mechanisms of action and for future exploration to find natural product candidates in the development of novel anti-allergic rhinitis agents.
变应性鼻炎（AR）是鼻黏膜常见的炎症性疾病，是一种由免疫球蛋白E介导的疾病。近年来，全球AR的发病率和患病率一直在上升。抗组胺药、鼻用糖皮质激素、减充血剂、鼻用抗胆碱能药、鼻用色甘酸钠、白三烯受体拮抗剂和免疫疗法已用于AR的治疗。然而，由于目前许多治疗方法都有副作用报告，因此需要寻找更有效、更安全的治疗方法。药用植物传统上用于缓解AR症状，但其疗效和安全性尚未得到科学证实。在本综述中，收集并批判性分析了几种药用植物及其生物活性代谢产物通过抑制免疫系统治疗变应性鼻炎的最新研究报告。据报道，这些植物样本可抑制免疫球蛋白E、细胞因子和嗜酸性粒细胞的产生，并抑制组胺释放。发现抑制细胞因子产生是这些植物缓解症状的主要作用机制。强调了这些药用植物作为开发治疗AR治疗药物的先导分子来源的前景。这些植物的几种生物活性代谢产物，包括紫草素、冈田茶苷、华瑞亭、甲基华瑞亭、木犀草素-7-芸香糖苷、款冬酮、蜂斗菜素和芒果苷，已被确定为开发抗变应性鼻炎药物的潜在候选物。数据收集主要来自发表在期刊上的英文文章，或来自EBSCOHOST、Medline和Ovid、Scopus、Springer以及Google Scholar数据库1985 - 2020年的研究。用于查找相关研究的术语或关键词是变应性鼻炎或花粉症或枯草热，以及药用植物或单一植物或单一草药或植物疗法。这篇综述为具有抗变应性鼻炎潜力的药用植物、了解其潜在作用机制以及未来探索寻找新型抗变应性鼻炎药物的天然产物候选物提供了有用的资源。
