Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
Interdisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
Eur J Pharm Sci. 2021 Sep 1;164:105892. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105892. Epub 2021 May 27.
Cancer remains a global health problem largely due to a lack of effective therapies. Major cancer management strategies include chemotherapy, surgical resection, and radiation. Unfortunately, these strategies have a number of limitations, such as non-specific side effects, uneven delivery of the drugs, and lack of proper monitoring technology. Inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) are considered promising agents in treating and tracing cancer due to their unique physicochemical properties such as the controlled release of drugs, bioavailability, biocompatibility, stability, and large surface area. Also, they enhance the solubility of hydrophobic drugs, prolong their circulation time, prevent undesired off-targeting and subsequent side effects, making them efficient particles in cancer theranostics. Promising inorganic-NPs include gold, selenium, silica, and oxide NPs. Further, several techniques are used to modify the surface of inorganic-NPs, making them more efficient for the effective transport of therapeutic cargos to overcome cellular barriers. Thus, inorganic-NPs function effectively, surmounting the intrinsic drawbacks of traditional organic NPs. This mini-review summarizes the significant inorganic-NPs, their properties, surface modifications, cellular uptake, and bio-distributions, along with their potential use in cancer theranostics. We also discuss the promises and challenges faced during the inorganic-NPs mediated therapeutic approach for cancer and these particles' status in the clinical setting.
癌症仍然是一个全球性的健康问题，主要是由于缺乏有效的治疗方法。主要的癌症管理策略包括化疗、手术切除和放疗。不幸的是，这些策略有许多局限性，如非特异性副作用、药物分布不均以及缺乏适当的监测技术。
由于具有独特的物理化学性质，如药物的控制释放、生物利用度、生物相容性、稳定性和大的表面积，无机纳米粒子（NPs）被认为是治疗和追踪癌症的有前途的药物。此外，它们还提高了疏水性药物的溶解度，延长了它们的循环时间，防止了不必要的脱靶和随后的副作用，使它们成为癌症治疗学中有效的粒子。有前途的无机-NPs 包括金、硒、硅和氧化物 NPs。
此外，还使用了几种技术来修饰无机-NPs 的表面，使它们更有效地将治疗性 cargo 有效输送到细胞中，以克服细胞屏障。因此，无机-NPs 能够有效地发挥作用，克服了传统有机 NPs 的固有缺陷。
本综述总结了重要的无机-NPs，及其性质、表面修饰、细胞摄取和生物分布，以及它们在癌症治疗学中的潜在用途。我们还讨论了在无机-NPs 介导的癌症治疗方法中面临的挑战和这些颗粒在临床环境中的地位。
