Janssen Cécile, Maillard Alexis, Bodelet Céline, Claudel Anne-Laure, Gaillat Jacques, Delory Tristan
Centre Hospitalier Annecy Genevois, Infectious Diseases Unit, F-74374 Annecy, France.
Centre Hospitalier Annecy Genevois, Clinical Research Unit, F-74374 Annecy, France.
Vaccines (Basel). 2021 May 22;9(6):547. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9060547.
Vaccination programs against COVID-19 are being scaled up. We aimed to assess the effects of vaccine characteristics on vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers in a multi-center survey conducted within French healthcare facilities from 1 December 2020 to 26 March 2021. We invited any healthcare workers naïve of COVID-19 vaccination to complete an online self-questionnaire. They reported on their socio-demographic characteristics, as well as their perception and beliefs towards vaccination. We measured their willingness to get vaccinated in eight scenarios for candidates' vaccines presented sequentially (1 to 4-point scale). Candidates' vaccines varied for efficacy (25%, 50%, 100%), length of immunization (1 year or lifetime), frequency (<1/100, <1/10,000), and severity (none, moderate, severe) of adverse events. We analyzed 4349 healthcare workers' responses with interpretable questionnaires. The crude willingness to get vaccinated was 53.2% and increased over time. We clustered the trajectories of responses using an unsupervised classification algorithm (k-means) and identified four groups of healthcare workers: those willing to get vaccinated in any scenario (18%), those not willing to get vaccinated at all (22%), and those hesitating but more likely to accept (32%) or reject (28%) the vaccination depending on the scenario. In these last two subgroups, vaccine acceptance was growing with age, educational background and was higher among men with condition. Compared to an ideal vaccine candidate, a 50% reduced efficacy resulted in an average drop in acceptance by 0.8 (SD ± 0.8, -23.5%), while it was ranging from 1.4 (SD ± 1.0, -38.4%) to 2.1 (SD ± 1.0, -58.4%) in case of severe but rare adverse event. The acceptance of a mandatory immunization program was 29.6% overall and was positively correlated to the willingness to get vaccinated, ranging from 2.4% to 60.0%. Even if healthcare workers represent a heterogeneous population, most (80%) could accept the vaccination against COVID-19. Their willingness to get the vaccine increased over time and as immunization programs became available. Among hesitant professionals, the fear of adverse events was the main concern. Targeted information campaigns reassuring about adverse events may increase vaccine coverage, in a population with a strong opinion about mandatory immunization programs.
针对新冠病毒的疫苗接种计划正在扩大规模。我们旨在通过一项于2020年12月1日至2021年3月26日在法国医疗机构内开展的多中心调查，评估疫苗特性对医护人员疫苗犹豫情况的影响。我们邀请了任何未接种过新冠疫苗的医护人员填写一份在线自填问卷。他们报告了自己的社会人口学特征，以及对疫苗接种的看法和信念。我们在依次展示的八种候选疫苗接种场景中（1至4分制）测量了他们接种疫苗的意愿。候选疫苗在效力（25%、50%、100%）、免疫时长（1年或终身）、频率（<1/100、<1/10000）以及不良事件的严重程度（无、中度、重度）方面有所不同。我们对4349名医护人员填写的可解释问卷的回复进行了分析。接种疫苗的初始意愿为53.2%，且随时间推移有所上升。我们使用无监督分类算法（k均值法）对回复轨迹进行聚类，识别出了四类医护人员：在任何场景下都愿意接种疫苗的（18%）、完全不愿意接种疫苗的（22%），以及犹豫但根据不同场景更有可能接受（32%）或拒绝（28%）接种疫苗的。在最后这两个亚组中，疫苗接受度随年龄、教育背景的增加而上升，且在有特定情况的男性中更高。与理想的候选疫苗相比，效力降低50%导致接受度平均下降0.8（标准差±0.8，-23.5%），而在出现严重但罕见的不良事件时，接受度下降幅度在1.4（标准差±1.0，-38.4%）至2.1（标准差±1.0，-58.4%）之间。总体而言，对强制免疫计划的接受度为29.6%，且与接种疫苗的意愿呈正相关，范围在2.4%至60.0%之间。即使医护人员群体具有异质性，但大多数（80%）能够接受新冠疫苗接种。他们接种疫苗的意愿随时间推移以及免疫计划的推出而增加。在持犹豫态度的专业人员中，对不良事件的担忧是主要顾虑。在对强制免疫计划有强烈看法的人群中，开展关于不良事件的针对性信息宣传活动，以消除疑虑，可能会提高疫苗接种覆盖率。
