French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), France; Paris University, VIgilance FAtigue SOMmeil unit (VIFASOM) EA 7330, France.
French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), France; Paris University, VIgilance FAtigue SOMmeil unit (VIFASOM) EA 7330, France.
J Sci Med Sport. 2021 Oct;24(10):982-987. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.05.007. Epub 2021 May 18.
Athletes and military personnel may experience sleep disturbances due to conditions of training and competitions or military missions/field operations. The risk of muscle injuries is greater for them when sleep duration decreases, and training load increases simultaneously, which can be exacerbated by fatigue. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that sleep extension improved performance, pain sensitivity and GH/IGF-I anabolic responses, which may be beneficial in accelerating recovery from muscle injuries.
DESIGN & METHODS: This narrative review describes the importance of sleep for the recovery/prevention of exercise-induced muscle injuries and provides perspectives on the transferability of currently available scientific evidence to the field.
The first part presents the role of sleep and its interaction with the circadian system for the regulation of hormonal and immune responses, and provides information on sleep in athletes and soldiers and its relationship to injury risk. The second part is an overview of muscle injuries in sport and presents the different phases of muscle regeneration and repair, i.e. degeneration, inflammation, regeneration, remodeling and maturation. Part three provides information on the deleterious effects of sleep deprivation on muscle tissue and biological responses, and on the benefits of sleep interventions. Sleep extension could potentially help and/or prevent recovery from exercise-induced muscle-injuries through increasing local IGF-I and controlling local inflammation.
Although the science of sleep applied to sport is still an emerging field, the current scientific literature shows many potential physiological pathways between sleep and exercise-related muscle injuries. More direct studies are needed to establish clear guidelines for medical personnel and coaches.
运动员和军人可能会因训练和比赛或军事任务/野外行动的条件而出现睡眠障碍。当睡眠时间减少，同时训练负荷增加时，他们肌肉受伤的风险更大，而疲劳会使这种情况恶化。越来越多的证据表明，延长睡眠时间可以提高运动表现、疼痛敏感度和 GH/IGF-I 合成代谢反应，这可能有助于加速肌肉损伤的恢复。
本综述描述了睡眠对运动引起的肌肉损伤的恢复/预防的重要性，并对当前可用的科学证据在该领域的可转移性提供了观点。
第一部分介绍了睡眠及其与昼夜节律系统相互作用对激素和免疫反应的调节作用，并提供了运动员和士兵的睡眠信息及其与受伤风险的关系。第二部分概述了运动中的肌肉损伤，并介绍了肌肉再生和修复的不同阶段，即退化、炎症、再生、重塑和成熟。第三部分提供了睡眠剥夺对肌肉组织和生物反应的有害影响的信息，以及睡眠干预的益处。延长睡眠时间可以通过增加局部 IGF-I 和控制局部炎症来帮助和/或预防运动引起的肌肉损伤的恢复。
尽管将睡眠应用于运动的科学仍然是一个新兴领域，但目前的科学文献显示了睡眠与与运动相关的肌肉损伤之间的许多潜在生理途径。需要进行更直接的研究，为医务人员和教练制定明确的指导方针。
